大型灌区骨干水库分期旱限水位研究

Study of staged drought-limited water level of the main reservoir in the large-scale irrigation district

水库作为常见的重要水利工程设施,在区域水资源承载力水量、水质、水生态和水流更新等要素调控中具有举足轻重的地位和作用,在降水径流减少的枯水季节显得尤其重要。旱限水位是水库在低水位调度运行的控制性特征水位,其合理设置与科学运用对区域水资源高效利用意义重大。为此以淠史杭灌区梅山水库的来水特性和用户需水特性为基础,首先采用Hausdorff维数分形方法划分了梅山水库入库径流干旱预警时段,进而通过不同水平年各预警期内来水、供水调节计算了初始旱限水位:旱警水位和旱枯水位,并以水库灌区水资源系统长系列模拟模型及优化模型为依托,优化确定了梅山水库不同预警期的旱限水位,最后分别从水库运行、灌区灌溉、生产生活供水、生态用水以及水力发电等多角度评估了旱限水位的合理性,为水利部门指导水库灌区抗旱运行,制订相应抗旱预案提供技术参考。

As a common water conservancy project,especially in dry season with reduced rainfall and run-off, the reservoir plays an important role in water resources carrying capacity（WRCC）, including waterquantity,water quality,water ecology and water-flowing renewal. The drought limited water level is a con-trolled characteristic water line of reservoir when it is running at low water level. In this study, based onthe characteristics of water inflow of Meishan reservoir in Pishihang Irrigation District and the characteris-tics of water demand from different users,the Hausdorff dimension fractal method is used to divide the in-flow process of Meishan reservoir into several periods firstly, then the initial drought limited water level（subdivided into drought warning water level and dry water level） is calculated by water inflow and watersupply in early-warning periods of different typical years. Based on the long series of simulation model andoptimization model of water resources system in reservoir and irrigation district,the paper optimizes and de-termines the drought limited water level of Meishan reservoir in different early-warning periods. Finally,therationality of drought limited water level is evaluated from several aspects such as reservoir operation,irriga-tion, production and living water consumption, ecological water supply and hydropower generation, whichprovides technical reference for the water conservancy department to guide drought relief operation in reser-voir irrigation area and formulate corresponding drought relief plan.