浙江省2015—2017年中小学校教室采光和照明卫生监测结果

Sanitation monitoring of classroom daylighting and illume in Zhejiang Province during 2015-2017

目的了解浙江省中小学校教室采光照明情况,为改善中小学校教学和卫生环境提供依据。方法依据学校卫生相关规定和卫生标准,2015—2017年每年对浙江省33所中小学校抽检的198间教室进行现场监测和分析。结果2015—2017年监测的教室采光系数、窗地面积比、后墙反射比的合格率分别为84.5%,93.6%,39.6%,教室课桌面平均照度、课桌面照度均匀度、黑板面平均照度、黑板面照度均匀度的合格率逐年提高,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为24.59,86.28,105.43,8.49,P值均<0.05)。黑板面平均照度的合格率,城市(72.6%)高于农村(61.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.25,P<0.05)。结论浙江省中小学校教室照明卫生监测的各指标合格率2017年较2015,2016年有明显提高,教室采光指标中的后墙反射比合格率较低。需要政府部门出台相应政策,有效改善中小学校教室采光照明现状。

Objective To investigate classroom daylighting and illume in primary and middle schools in Zhejiang Province,and to provide the basis for making relevant decisions. Methods A total of 198 classrooms in 33 primary and middle schools in Zhejiang Province were monitored and analyzed during 2015-2017, according to school health regulations and hygienic standards.Results During 2015-2017, the qualified rate about monitored classroom daylighting coefficient, ratio of window area to ground area, reflection of the back wall were 84. 5%, 93. 6%, 39. 6%. The qualified rate about desk surface illumination, uniformity of desk surface illumination, blackboard surface illumination, and uniformity of blackboard surface illumination had been increased year by year, during 2015-2017, and the difference was statistically significant（ P〈0.05）. The qualified rate about blackboard surface illumination in city was higher than that in rural area（ χ^2= 8.25, P〈0.05）. Conclusion The qualified rate of each indicator of classroom lighting in middle and primary schools in 2017 is significantly higher than that in 2015-2016 in Zhejiang Province. Among the indicators of classroom illumination, the ratio of back wall reflection is low. Through monitoring and supervision, the government departments attach importance to and promulgate corresponding policies, which can effectively improve the lighting status of classroom in primary and middle schools.