锂离子电池高性能硅基负极材料研究进展

Recent Advances in High-Performance Silicon-Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

硅基材料因其具有较高的理论比容量被认为是具有广阔前景的锂离子电池负极材料,在近年来得到广泛的研究;但是硅较差的电子导电性和在充放电过程中的巨大的体积膨胀问题,导致其具有较差的循环性能,阻碍了它的商业化应用。本文从介绍硅材料储锂机制及失效原理出发,重点综述了近年来对硅基材料的改性研究,主要包括对硅材料的纳米化及维度设计、硅复合材料的制备及其结构设计、新型粘结剂与电解液/电解液添加剂的研究和预锂化技术的研究。最后文章对硅基负极材料的结构设计、性能改进研究进行了总结,并展望了高容量硅基负极材料在高比能锂电池等领域的应用前景。

Silicon （Si） has been considered to be one of the most competitive candidate anode for next-generation lithium-ion batteries because of its high specific capacity. Nevertheless, the large-scale commercialization of Si-based materials is hindered by unstable cycling due to the poor electronic conductivity and huge volume changes during charge-discharge processes. In this review, the mechanisms of the lithium storage and the failure principle in silicon are discussed. Nanostructure design of silicon, silicon-based composites, new binders and electrolytes/electrolyte additives, as well as the prelithiation technologies are used for improving the electrochemical performance of Si-based anodes. At the end of this review, structural design and modification of Si-based anodes are summarized, and the prospect of high-capacity Si-based electrodes in high-energy lithium-ion batteries is proposed as well.