英美日韩社会企业发展比较研究及其启示

A Comparative Study on the Development of Social Enterprise in Britain, America, Japan and South Korea and Its Enlightenment

文章以英美日韩四国企业为研究对象,从社会企业产生的背景、内涵、法律制定、发展形式、政府和民间扶持以及融资方式等六个方面对国内现有研究进行了全面梳理和横向比较。研究结果表明:社会企业主要是由经济危机导致而产生的;各国均明确了社会企业的内涵和具体标准,并通过法律形式给予了制度上的保障;各国的政府和民间都给予社会企业支持,但侧重方有所不同;融资方式也显示出了差异性,即日韩两国更倾向于政府投资。文章最后为我国社会企业的发展提出清晰界定社会企业含义、提升社会企业的认知度和综合能力、实现社会企业的双重目标等建议。

This paper takes the four countries of the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan and South Korea as research objects, from six aspects of the background, connotation, law making, development form, government and folk support and financing channel of social enterprise, this paper makes a comprehensive combing and horizontal comparison of the existing research in China. The results show that social enterprise is mainly caused by the economic crisis; Every country has defined the connotation and concrete standard of social enterprise, and has given the institutional safeguard through the form of law, allows social enterprise to carry out business activities in a variety of forms, social enterprise is supported by government and civil society, but with different emphasis; Financing channels also show differences： Japan and South Korea are more inclined to invest by the government. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the development of social enterprise in China, such as defining the meaning of social enterprise, promoting the cognition and comprehensive ability of social enterprise, and realizing the dual goal of social enterprise and so on.