美国话语的文化语用推理试探

A Tentative Exploration of Cultural Pragmatic Inference of American Utterances

本文以发生在美国文化语境中的真实话语为研究对象,在文化关联原则的指引下,探索焦点话语和会话的文化语用推理模式。文章提出从话语内部到话语整体再到会话中的话语序列的解释顺序,并把文化宏观结构作为确认语境信息的文化语用属性的依据。文章着力解释了可作为文化表征的、清晰陈述的一套文化设定,主张它作为权威的、有效的、可行的推理信息架构,可以最好地表征一个言语共同体的文化,展示其理性基础,并使话语解释及文化功能释放成为可能。

This paper takes real utterances in the Amcrican cultural context as its object of study. With the principle of cultural relevance as its guideline, it explores a pattern of cultural pragmatic inferencing by highlighting focal utterances and conversation. An interpreting order is indicated by starting its work from its utterance-internal to whole utterances and utterance sequences in conversations, and taking the macro-cultural structure as a defining framework of cultural context. An interpretation-friendly, cultural assumption framework that can best represent the mainstream cultural ideological system as the basis of cultural rationality of a given speech community is elaborated for an authoritative, valid and feasible cultural pragmatic interpretation of situated utterances and their probable cultural functions.