旱地大豆全膜微垄沟播技术的肥料效应

Study on fertilizer effects of techniques of whole-plastic-film mulching on microridges and planting in catchment furrows of arid-land soybeans

全膜微垄沟播技术是我国北方旱作大豆(Glycine max)的一项抗旱高产栽培新技术,该技术的大面积推广应用对提高大豆产量、确保粮油安全具有极其重要的战略意义。采用多点田间小区试验研究了旱地大豆全膜微垄沟播技术的肥料效益。结果表明,全膜微垄沟播技术能显著提高旱地大豆肥料利用率和肥料利用效率。大豆氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别达到41.1%、25.0%和23.9%,较露地条播分别提高了7.3、6.7和4.9个百分点;氮、磷、钾肥料利用效率分别达到4.7、11.9和6.8kg·kg^(-1),较露地条播分别增加了0.8、3.2和1.3kg·kg^(-1),分别增长了20.5%、36.8%和23.6%。全膜微垄沟播技术能增强大豆对土壤养分的吸收利用能力,显著提高氮、磷、钾缺素区大豆的相对产量,从而降低氮、磷、钾施肥依从度。大豆氮、磷、钾缺素区相对产量分别达到79.1%、47.3%和88.7%,较露地条播分别增加了4.6、4.3和1.9个百分点;氮、磷、钾施肥依从度分别为20.9%、52.7%和11.3%,较露地条播分别降低了18.0%、7.5%和14.4%。由此可以得出,该技术在旱地大豆肥料高效利用方面取得了重大突破。

The techniques of whole-film mulching on microridges and planting in catchment furrows（WFMR）were new cultivation techniques for drought resistance and high yield for arid-land soybeans（Glycine max）in north China.Extensive extension of the techniques has important strategic significance to improve soybean yield and ensure food and oil sufficiency in China.Field plot experiments were employed to investigate fertilizer effects for the techniques of whole-plastic-film mulching on microridges and planting in catchment furrows of arid-land soybeans.The results showed that,compared with no-mulching cultivation（CK）,the techniques of WFMR could increase fertilizer use rate remarkably,leading to average N,P,and K fertilizer use rates of41.1%,25.0%,and 23.9%,respectively,representing an increase by 7.3,6.7,and 4.9 percentage points compared with CK.The techniques of WFMR could also increase soybean fertilizer use efficiency remarkably leading to average N,P,and K fertilizer use efficiency of 4.7,11.9,and 6.8 kg·kg^（-1）,respectively,an increase of20.5%,36.8%,and 23.6% compared with CK.The techniques of WFMR could improve the absorbing ability of soybeans to soil nutrients and increase the relative yield remarkably in nutritional deficiency zones,thus reducing the fertilization adherence of soybeans.Under the mode of WFMR,the average relative yield reached79.1%,47.3%,and 88.7%for N,P,and K fertilizer,respectively,being 4.6%,4.3%,and 1.9% higher compared with CK.Under the treatment of WFMR,the average adherence degree was 20.9%,52.7%,and 11.3%,respectively,for N,P,and K fertilizer decreased of 18.0%,7.5%,and 14.4%,respectively,compared with CK.Therefore,it made a key breakthrough for highly efficient fertilizer use techniques in arid-land soybean.