水环境容量约束下的污水厂削减量研究——以松花江流域哈尔滨段为例

Pollutants Reduction of Sewage Treatment Plant under the Constraint of Water Environmental Capacity:A Case Study in Songhua River Harbin Section

松花江流域年温差和年径流变化大,导致水环境容量波动较大,冰封期断面难以达标,而冰封季节主要污染来自于城市污水厂排水.针对这一问题,采用二维模型对哈尔滨段COD和NH_3-N的动态环境容量进行了计算,依据计算结果和该区段污水处理厂的排污状况进行了削减量测算.结果表明,NH_3-N的环境压力较COD更加严峻;为保障松花江哈尔滨段水质,各个污水处理厂排放的COD和NH_3-N需进行适当比例的削减,同时,必须对上游水体的水质进行改善,并着力整治其他污染源.研究结果对于流域断面达标以及污水处理厂智能化调控具有重要意义.

Seasonal imbalance of water environmental capacity in Songhua River resulted from evident seasonal variation of temperature and runoff flow. The water quality was hard to meet the standard during the icebound season accordingly,and the main pollution source was from sewage treatment plant discharge during this period. Aiming at this problem,dynamic COD and NH_3-N environmental capacities of Harbin section were calculated using two-dimensional model. The quantity of pollutions reduction was determined depending on water environmental capacity and discharge information of sewage treatment plants. The results showed that the environmental stress of NH_3-N was greater than that of COD. In order to ensure the water quality of Songhua River Harbin section,COD and NH_3-N discharge should be reduced at proper ratio in the sewagetreatment plant respectively. Meanwhile,it was necessary to improve the water quality of upstream water and to strengthen other pollution sources control. The investigation results may serve as reference for reaching standard of the section and intelligent control of sewage treatment plant quality security in Songhua River.