北疆玉米密植高产宜粒收品种筛选

The Selection of High Yield Maize Cultivars Suitable for Dense Planting and Grain Mechanical Harvesting in North of Xinjiang

筛选耐密植、产量潜力大、脱水快、适宜机械粒收的品种是玉米密植高产全程机械化绿色生产的关键。在密植栽培条件下,2012-2017年在北疆昌吉奇台总场、伊犁新源71团和伊宁县3地开展了15个点次、133个品种/组合267个品次的品种/组合筛选试验,收获时采取机械粒收测产方式,测试收获质量、子粒含水率和单产,并按子粒含水率和产量水平2个指标采用双向平均法作图进行品种分类。试验结果表明:(1)267个样本收获时子粒破碎率均值为5.20%,略高于国家标准(GB/T 21961—2008)规定的5%水平;杂质率和产量损失率均值分别为0.67%和0.92%,低于国家标准3%和5%的要求;(2)子粒含水率均值为24.65%,子粒含水率与破碎率呈极显著正相关(r=0.461),子粒含水率高是造成破碎率高的主要原因,两者关系可以用二次函数y=0.0346x2-1.443x+18.998(R2=0.3799,n=267)拟合,当子粒含水率为20.9%时,破碎率最低;(3)筛选出子粒含水率低、单产水平高的品种华美1号、晋单73、金9913、MC670、增玉1317和豫单9953,推荐为玉米密植高产全程机械化绿色生产技术适宜品种;早熟、脱水快、但产量水平低于平均值的品种有KX9384、KWS5383、登海1786、泽玉501和郑单528,推荐在热量资源偏少的地区种植,或作为热量资源适合地区的搭配品种。

The key to high yield and high density maize mechanized green production are based on the selection of density-resistant, high potential yield, fast dehydration rate of kernel and suitable grain mechanical harvesting cultivars. From 2012 to 2017, we carried out maize cultivar selection test under closed planting conditions with 15 time spots, a total of 133 cultivars （combination 267 items） in the Qitai Farm, the 71th group in Xinyuan and Yining. The harvest quality, grain moisture content and yield were collected. According to grain moisture content and yield, the two-way average method was used to make graphs. The results showed that （1） The average grain breakage rate of 267 samples was 5.20% at harvest, which was higher than the national standard of 5% （GB/T 21961-2008）, impurity rate and yield loss rate were 0.67% and 0.92%, respectively, which were lower than the national standard of 3% and 5%. （2） The mean grain moisture content of the grain was 24.65%, and the distribution range was 11.30%-38.60%. There was a very significant positive correlation between grain moisture content and grain breakage rate （t-=0.461）, high grain moisture content mainly contributed to high breakage rate. The relationship between the two indexes could be fitted in the quadratic function ofy=0.0346x^2-1.443x＋18.998 （R^2=0.3799, n=267）. When the grain moisture content was 20.9%, the breakage rate was the lowest. （3） Fast kernel hydration rate and high yield cultivars including Huamei 1, Jindan 73, Jin 9913, MC670, Zengyu 1317, and Yudan 9953 were recommended as dense planting high-yield cultivars suitable for mechanized green production technology. Cultivars of KX9384, KWS5383, Denghai 1786, Zeyu 501 and Zhengdan 528 were recommended to plant in areas with insufficient thermal resources, or as collocations for areas with moderate thermal resource.