中美知名高校零被引学术论文特征的比较研究——以中国“C9高校”和美国“常青藤高校”为例

A Comparative Study on Characteristics of Non-cited Papers from Chinese C9 Universities and American Ivy League Universities Using Bibliometric Methods

[目的/意义]高被引论文被广泛地应用于科研机构的绩效评价和学术排名,但科学界大量存在的低被引、甚至零被引论文在科研评价体系中的评价功能尚未获得足够的重视。从反向评价视角来考察中国高校与世界一流大学之间的差距,对高校的科研管理决策和优势学科建设具有一定启示。[方法/过程]以中国C9高校和美国常青藤高校为比较对象,采用文献计量方法,分析两个高校联盟的零被引论文在时序变化、学科结构、期刊质量和科研合作四个维度上的具体特征及差异。[结果/结论](1)C9高校整体的论文零被引率是常青藤高校的3.36倍,但差距在逐年缩小。(2)C9高校的计算机科学成为高零被引率学科,而常青藤高校的医学相关学科和部分人文社会科学学科出现较高的零被引率。(3)C9高校的零被引率受期刊质量因素的影响相对更大,在相同期刊质量条件下,C9高校的零被引率仍高于常青藤高校,说明C9高校论文零被引率的其他影响因素的作用也较为明显。(4)常青藤高校零被引论文的国内外合作范围略大于C9高校,但其在零被引论文合作研究中多是作为参与机构,而C9高校更多的是作为主导机构。

[Purpose/Significance]The highly cited papers are widely employed in the performance evaluation and academic ranking of scientific institutions,but the function of under-cited or non-cited papers has not been paid enough attention in the research evaluation system.This paper explored the gap between Chinese and American celebrated universities from the perspective of reverse evaluation,which might give some inspiration to the research management and disciplinary development plan in universities.[Method/Process]Based on Chinese C9 universities and American Ivy League universities,this article uses bibliometric methods to analyze the specific features and differences of these two university leagues among four dimensions— time-dependent distribution,disciplinary structure,periodical quality and scientific research cooperation.[Result/Conclusion]This paper draws the following conclusions：（1）overall,the non-cited rate of Chinese C9 universities is 3.36 times that of the American Ivy League universities,but the gap is narrowing yearly;（2）the discipline of high non-cited rates in C9 universities is computer science,while disciplines of medicine and humanities and social sciences in the Ivy League have a high non-cited rate;（3）the non-cited rate of C9 universities is relatively more affected by the journal quality.Under the same quality of journals,the non-cited rate of C9 universities is still higher than that of the Ivy League universities;（4）the non-cited rate of multi-institutional articles from the Ivy League universities is slightly higher than that of C9 universities,but they are mostly as participating institutions in the collaboration studies of non-cited papers while C9 universities usually as leading institutions.