汽车车门有限元分析及综合性能优化

FE Analysis and Optimization on the Comprehensive Performance of Vehicle Door

车门是汽车车身中非常重要的功能部件,在日常使用过程中由于反复的开关,其所受应力尚未达到材料许用应力的情况下,局部区域可能产生疲劳裂纹。以某车型前门为例,针对试验过程中玻璃升降器安装区域开裂问题,对车门结构进行了局部优化设计。首先,采用ABAQUS/Explicit求解器模块计算出冲击应力时间历程,并在Ncode软件中对前门开关耐久进行了虚拟仿真分析,预测疲劳寿命危险区域。同时,对前门进行了开关耐久试验验证,对比发现车门的最低疲劳寿命误差在10%以内,从而验证了车门有限元模型的准确性。最后,结合玻璃升降器安装点刚度性能对前门进行了结构改进,确定出两种优化方案,通过对两种优化方案进行分析,结果表明:方案二玻璃升降器安装点刚度为51N/mm,满足设计目标40N/mm;车门最低疲劳寿命为11.4万次,同时满足设计目标10万次要求。

The door is very important function part in the automobile. In the process of daily use,as a result of repeated switch,the stress of the door has not yet reached the allowable stress of the material,local area of the door may produce fatigue crack. This paper takes the front door of a vehicle as an example,aiming at the problem of the cracking in the installation area of the glass elevator in the experiment,the local optimum design of the door structure is carried out. Firstly,the time history of impact stress is calculated by using the ABAQUS/Explicit solver module,and in the Ncode software,the virtual simulation analysis is made to the front door switch durability. Meanwhile,durability test verification of the front door is carried out,the comparison showed that the minimum fatigue life of the door was less than 10%. Thus,the accuracy of the finite element model of the car door is verified. Finally,combined with the performance of the glass elevator installation point,the optimization and improvement of the front door is carried out,and two optimization schemes are identified,through the analysis of the two optimization schemes,the results show that the second scheme＇s glass elevator installation point stiffness is51 N/mm,this meets the design objectives of 40 N/mm,the minimum fatigue life of the door is 11.4 million cycle times,and this also meets the design objectives of 10 million cycle times.