高速铁路无砟轨道绝对测量模式分析与复合测量模式探讨

Analysis of Absolute Measurement Mode of Ballastless Track in High Speed Railway and Discuss on its Composite Measurement Mode

全站仪在三角架上设站的绝对测量模式仍是当前高速铁路轨道测量的主要手段和方法,但在轨道检查仪被引入轨道精调后,绝对测量模式效率低、环境适应性差等问题被突显,尤其是在高速铁路运营线路天窗时间短的情况下,难以满足使用的要求。从其测量模型和计算方法出发,分析其轨道测量的定位精度和平顺性精度。分析结果表明,绝对测量定位精度和长波测量精度能够满足要求,但短波测量精度有限,是轨道精调后TQI改善不明显的主要原因。以绝对测量为基础,提出"相对+绝对"复合测量模式及数据处理方法,并进行线路试验。试验结果表明:基于"相对+绝对"的复合测量模式,TQI轨道质量改善明显,综合测量效率大幅提高。

The absolute measurement mode based on the free stationing on the tripod is still the mainmeasurement method of the high speed railway track. However, after the introduction of railwayinspection instrument in the fine adjustment of track, the low efficiency and poor environmentaladaptability of the absolute measurement is becoming obvious. Especially, in the case of the short timefor maintenance of high-speed railway operation line, it is difficult to meet the requirements of its use.Based on the analysis of the measurement model and calculation method, measurement errors of thepositioning point and the track smoothness are analyzed. The results show that the positioningmeasurement accuracy and long wave measurement accuracy can meet the requirements, but the accuracyof shortwave measurement is limited, which is the main factor affecting the improvement of TQI after the fine adjustment. On the basis of absolutemeasurement, the “ relative＋absolute” compositemeasurement mode and its data processing methodare proposed, and line tests are conducted. Theexperimental results show that based on the relative and absolute composite measurement mode, track quality index （TQI） is improved remarkablyand overall measurement efficiency is raised greatly.