从洹北商城到殷墟商邑:城市规划与建设的嬗变

From the Huanbei City Site to Yinxu:On the Changes in Urban Planning and Constructions

洹北商城与殷墟遗址是分属于商代中、晚期的两座都城遗址,两者在空间上相连,时代上前后衔接,但总体布局差别明显,是两座规划与布局迥异的城市实例。本文结合新的考古发现和研究,讨论了两者的规划、建设上的特点及其嬗变。在洹北商城早期偏晚时段,商人规划、建设洹北商城,随后中断了城市的建设;到洹北商城晚期,商王又迁居于此,开始了新一轮建设,之后又放弃了洹北商城,起建了殷墟商邑。两者间发生了一废一兴的转换。

Huanbei and Yinxu are two capital sites,dating to the middle and late Shang periods respectively.These two urban sites are contiguous in space and chronology,but different in layout,which are of two distinguished systems of urban planning.Based on the latest archaeological discoveries and research,this paper discusses the spatial planning,construction characteristics and changes of the two city sites.In the late phase of the early period,the Huanbei city site was planned and founded,the construction of which was discontinued soon afterwards.In the late Huangbei period,the Shang king moved back here and launched new constructions.The Huanbei city site was abandoned in the end,followed by the construction of the Yinxu site.In other words,the fall of the Huanbei site marked the rise of the Yinxu settlement.