乙型肝炎病毒携带孕妇家庭环境和社会特征对母乳喂养选择的影响

Influence of home environment and social characteristics on breast feeding selection among hepatitis B virus carrying pregnant women

目的调查乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）携带孕妇的家庭环境和社会特征，分析其对母乳喂养选择的影响。方法采用方便整群抽样法，选取2016年1—12月于郑州大学第一附属医院住院分娩的HBV携带产妇77例，根据产后是否选择母乳喂养分为母乳喂养组31例和非母乳喂养组46例，采用中文版家庭环境量表（FES—CV）评定产妇的家庭环境和社会特征，分析母乳喂养的影响因素。结果HBV携带孕妇的FES—CV量表10个方面评分从低到高依次为成功性（3．16±1．14）分、娱乐性（3．29±1．19）分、文化性（3．72±1．16）分、矛盾性（4．47±1．45）分、情感表达（4．94±1．59）分、亲密度（5．11±1．49）分、独立性（5．17±1.73）分、组织性（5．47±1．76）分、控制性（5．92±2．05）分及道德观（6．70±2．18）分。母乳喂养组亲密度、独立性、成功性、文化性和娱乐性评分均高于非母乳喂养组0值分别为7．066、6．193、8．342、7．302、8．903；P〈0．01），矛盾性低于非母乳喂养组（t=-8．443，P〈0．01），两组情感表达、道德观、组织性及控制性评分比较，差异无统计学意义（t值分别为-0．632、0．528、1．254、1．951；P〉0．05）。结论HBV携带孕妇仍面临较高的家庭和社会压力，不选择母乳喂养的HBV携带孕妇具有低亲密度、独立性、成功性、文化性、娱乐性及高矛盾性的家庭环境和社会特征。

Objective To investigate the home environment and social characteristics among hepatitis B virus （HBV） carrying pregnant women and to analyze their influence on breast feeding selection. Methods From January 2016 to December 2016, we selected 77 HBV carrying delivery women with hospital delivery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University by convenient chester sampling. All of them were divided into the group of breast feeding （n=31） and the group of non-breast feeding （n=46） according to whether to select breast feeding after delivery. Home environment and social characteristics of delivery women were assessed with the Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version （FES-CV） and we analyzed the influence factors of breast feeding. Results Among HBV carrying pregnant women, the scores of 10 aspects of FES-CV ranged from low to high including achievement orientation （3.16 ± 1.14）, active-recreational orientation （3.29 ±1.19）, intellectual-cultural orientation （3.72 ± 1.16）, conflict （4.47 ± 1.45）, expressiveness （4.94 ±1.59）, cohesion （5.11 ±1.49）, independence （5.17 ± 1.73）, organization （5.47 ± 1.76）, control （5.92 ± 2.05）, ethics （6.70 ± 2.18）. The scores of cohesion, independence, achievement orientation, intellectual-cultural orientation and active-recreational orientation of group of breast feeding were higher than those of group of non-breast feeding （t=7.066, 6.193, 8.342, 7.302, 8.903; P 〈 0.01） ; and the score of conflict was lower than that of group of non- breast feeding （t=-8.443, P 〈 0.01）. There were no statistical differences in scores of expressiveness, ethics, organization and control between two groups （t=-0.632, 0.528, 1.254, 1.951 ; P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions HBV carrying pregnant women still face with the high level of family and social pressure. HBV carrying pregnant women without breast feeding are with the low level of cohesion, independence, achievement orientation, intellectual-cultural orientation, active-recreational orientation and high conflict of home environment and social characteristics.