改革开放四十年大气污染防控的国际经验及其对中国的启示

International Experience in Air Pollution Prevention and Control and Its Enlightenment to China

改革开放以来,中国经济实现了快速发展。与此同时,大量化石能源燃烧导致的大气污染问题日益受到社会各界的关注。从大气污染时空差异与变化趋势、大气污染治理政策与管理体制等方面对中国大气污染现状进行剖析,并对国外发达国家大气污染治理的实践与经验进行梳理总结,探索未来中国大气污染治理的路径,以求为中国大气污染治理提供经验借鉴和决策参考。研究认为,中国大气污染治理的管理体制与市场机制尚不健全,大气污染治理的顶层制度设计、区域大气污染的联防联控机制、区域减排市场交易机制与成本分担机制等尚需进一步完善。

Since the reform and opening up, China＇s economy has achieved rapid development. At the same time, the problem of air pollution caused by the consumption of a large amount of fossil energy sources has received increasing attention from all walks of life. This paper analyzes the status quo of air pollution in China from aspects including spatial and temporal difference of air pollution, its control policies and management system, and summarizes the practice and experience of air pollution control in foreign developed countries to provide experience reference and decision making reference for China＇s air pollution control. The study believes that the management system and market mechanism of China＇s air pollution control are still not-perfect, and the top level system design of air pollution control, the regional jointprevention and control mechanism, the regional emissions trading scheme and cost sharing mechanism need to be further improved.