中国东部地区城市基本公共服务区域差异演化

Evolution of regional differences in basic public service level in eastern China

减小区际基本公共服务差异是消除区域发展鸿沟、实现中国区域均衡发展的重要前提,分析城际公共服务差异,推进基本公共服务均等化是提升中国东部地区城市群发展水平面临的重要难题.以教育、文化体育、医疗卫生3个基本公共服务一级指标构建了城际基本公共服务测度体系,运用泰尔指数和熵值法测量1985年、1995年、2010年、2015年中国东部沿海地区88个城市间总体水平差异及不同指标差异.结果表明:(1)东部沿海地区城市的基本公共服务质量总体不高,基本公共服务差距明显,长三角、环渤海地区公共服务总体水平高于珠三角地区;(2)东部沿海地区城际文化体育、教育、医疗卫生公共服务水平区域差异程度相当;(3)东部沿海地区城际基本公共服务各指标差异程度整体呈下降趋势,且高水平城市与低水平城市差距明显减小.

Reducing the difference in basic public services among regions is an important prerequisite to eliminate the regional development gap and achieve more balanced regional development in China. Analysis on the differences existing in urban public services and the development of equalization proves challenging in terms of enhancing the urbanization level of the urban agglomerations in eastern China. The three basic public services, that is, education, culture and sports, health care, are regarded as the first level indicators to build the basic public service level measurement system. Theil index and entropy method are used to gauge the general level differences and the degree of deviation for different indexes amongst 88 cities in the eastern coast of China covering year 1985, 1995, 2010 and 2015. Based on the results, the following conclusions can be reached： （1） The general quality of basic public services in the cities of eastern China is not as high as expected, and the gap is notable. The overall level of public services in the Yangtze River Delta and the Bohai rim are higher than that in the Pearl River Delta region. （2） In the eastern coastal areas, the regional disparities of education, culture and sports, health care services level have considerably widened. （3） The degree of disparity between different basic public service indicators shows decreasing trend in general, which can be witnessed readily between the high-level cities and the low level ones.