我国南北地区经济发展差距及演变分析

Study on Regional Economic Development Disparity and Its Evolution Between Southern and Northern China

我国社会主要矛盾已转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾,区域发展的不平衡不协调作为核心的问题之一,成为新时期我国社会主要矛盾的重中之重。文章比较分析了1953年以来我国南北地区生产总值和财政收入情况,发现我国南北区域经济发展的差距演变经历了四大不同阶段:第一阶段为1953—1978年的均衡发展阶段;第二阶段为1979—2003年的差距分化阶段;第三阶段为2004—2012年的调整缓和阶段;2013年至今为第四阶段,2013年成为南北地区经济发展差距的跃迁点,自此南北地区的经济发展的差距激增。2016年南北两地的地区生产总值和财政收入差距均为1953年以来之最,北方地区生产总值和财政收入占全国的比重均下降到40%以下。长期以来,对于地区经济发展的差距都聚焦于东、中、西地区间的差距,而今南北地区经济发展差距的形势已经十分严峻,在我国社会主要矛盾发生转变的新时期,南北地区的经济发展差距问题更加需要关注和解决。

The principal contradiction faced by Chinese society has evolved. Now it is the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people＇s ever-growing needs for a better life. Among all aspects of the unbalanced development, the unbalance of regional development is one of the most severe problems, which has become the most severe problem of our society in the new era. This study compares and analyzes the GDP and fiscal revenue of the north and south regions of China since 1953, drawing the conclusion that the economic development between south and north regions in China can be divided into four periods. The first period is from 1953 to 1978, when the economic conditions of the two regions were at the same stage. The second period is from 1979 to 2003, during which period the economiclevel of the south region began to precede the north region. The third period is from 2004 to 2012. The fourth phase started from 2013, the year became the jumping point of economic development gap between north and south regions. The regional economic development disparity between southern and northern China came to the worst stage in 2016. Concentration on regional economic disparity has been paid to the east, middle, and west China for a long time, yet the disparity between southern and northern China is very severe. In the period of principal contradiction changing, the economic development disparity between south and north regions of China needs more attention and more effective solution.