微小RNA通过核酸适配体在肿瘤靶向治疗中的进展

Progress of microRNA in tumor targeting therapy through aptamer

传统的抗肿瘤治疗包括手术治疗、化疗及放射疗治疗等都会产生较大的不良反应并有各自的缺陷，因此迫切需要更有效的治疗手段以获得更好的疗效。恶性肿瘤中普遍存在着微小RNA表达失调，这就为肿瘤治疗提供了一个新的方向。而如何将治疗性的微小RNA安全有效地运送到肿瘤细胞仍旧是阻碍微小RNA类分子靶向治疗发展的重要因素。核酸适配体即单链DNA或RNA，具有与靶标分子以一种高度亲和力和特异性方式结合的特性，这种特性使得微小RNA的靶向运输成为可能。本文主要对目前基于核酸适配体的微小RNA靶向治疗肿瘤的研究进展进行综述。

Traditional anti-tumor therapy, including surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can produce larger side effects and have their own defects, so there is an urgent need for more effective means of treatment to achieve better curative effect. Maladjustment of miRNA expression is prevalent in malignant tumors, which provides a new direction for cancer therapy. However, the safe and effective delivery of therapeutic miRNA to tumor cells is still an important factor that hinders the development of miRNA molecular targeted therapy. Nucleic acid aptamers, that is, single-stranded DNA or RNA, have the characteristics of binding to target molecules in a highly affinity and specific manner, which makes the targeted transport of miRNA possible. In this review, the current progress of miRNA targeting therauv based on aptamer of nucleic acid was reviewed.