有机无机配施对旱作冬小麦水分利用率的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilization on Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Dryland

采用四元二次旋转组合设计,设置氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、生物有机肥四个因素,研究了庆阳市自然降水条件下生物有机肥与无机肥配合施用对冬小麦产量及其水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,处理4(N155.25 kg hm^(-2)、P_2O_5157.5 kg hm^(-2)、K_2O17.55 kg hm^(-2)、OM168.75 kg hm^(-2))小麦籽粒产量和水分利用率最高,籽粒产量为5594.4 kg hm^(-2),比CK(4439.7 kg hm^(-2))增加了26.20%,水分利用率为12.75 kg hm^(-2) mm^(-1),比CK(9.9 kg hm^(-2) mm^(-1))增加2.85 kg hm^(-2) mm^(-1);经相关性分析表明,产量与水分利用率二者呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数为0.998,产量与耗水量之间、耗水量与水分利用率均无明显的相关关系;通过模拟寻优得到水分利用率最佳时的施肥方案为N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O∶OM=1∶0.34∶0.11∶1.08。

The effects of combined application of bio-organic and inorganic fertilizer on yield and water use efficiency （WUE） of winter wheat were studied under natural precipitation in Qingyang. Quadratic orthogonal regressive rotation design with four factors was selected in this experiment. The four factors included nitrogen, phosphate, potassium and bio-organic fertilizers. The grain yield （5594.4 kg hm-2） and WUE （12.75 kg hm-z mm-1） werethe highest in the treatment 4 （N 155.25 kg hm-2, P205 157.5 kg hm-2, K20 17.55 kg hm-2, OM 168.75 kg hm-Z）. They increased by 26.20% and 2.85 kg hm-2 mm-1 compared with CK, respectively. The yield and WUE were significantly positive correlation （r = 0.998）. While yield and water consumption, and water consumption and water use efficiency were not significantly related. WUE was the most optimalwhen the ratio of N ： PzO5 ： K20 ： OM fertilizers was 1 ： 0.34 ： 0.11 ： 1.08.