时段理论和结构-建构视角下的中国社会工作发展

Theory of Duration and the Development of Social Work in China from the Perspective of Structure-Construction

借鉴法国年鉴学派布罗代尔的时段理论,我们认为,我国20世纪以来社会工作的发展可以分为三个中时段,其中改革开放以来的中时段又可以进一步分为三个短时段。这其中,我国社会工作的发展会受到长时段社会结构和文化的影响,同时中时段的体制和解决问题的模式也影响着短时段社会工作的发展,短时段社会工作的发展既受以往结构性因素的影响,也有建构的作用。看待我国社会工作发展的逻辑和前景,不应忽视制度性结构因素的作用,而用结构-建构观对看待社会工作的当前发展是适宜的也是客观的。因为我国社会工作的发展不是直线型的,而在涨落中发展也许更可能稳步形成符合中国实际的社会工作模式。

With reference to Fernand Braudel's theory of duration from French Annales School, the authors argue that the development of social work in China in the past century can be divided into three middle durations and further into short durations. The development of China's social work has been influenced by social structure and culture of long duration while system and problem-solving models of middle duration have affected the development of social work of short duration, which has not only been affected by structural factors but also has been constructive. The effect of institutional structural factors should not be ignored in understanding the logic and the prospect of China's social work. It is both advisable and objective to view the present development of social work from the perspective of structure-construction. Since the development of China's social work is not linear, the development in rises and falls may be more likely to become a steady model of social work that fits into China's reality.