论风险升高理论的法理证成——基于事实推定的视角

The Jurisprudential Justification of the Theory of Risk Elevation:Based on the Presumption of Facts

通过概率提升进行结果归责是我国司法实践中广泛存在的归责模式,对于风险升高理论之法理基础的讨论有助于澄清概率归责模式的正当性根据。既有的研究无法妥善回应批评意见,不能说明风险升高理论的正当性基础。义务违反关联性探究的是风险创设与损害结果之间是否存在因果关系,风险升高理论的实质是用定量标准判定定性概念。定量与定性之间的矛盾无法在实体法层面化解。将风险升高理论理解为可推翻的因果推定能够化解对于风险升高理论的批评,并与事实推定的基础结构相协调。

Probability imputation is the widely existing imputation model in China＇s judicial practice. The discussion of the legal basis of the risk elevation theory is helpful to clarify tile justification of probabilistic imputationmodel. None of existing studiescan properly respond to criticism s and cannot justify the risk rising theory. Itis the existence of causal relationship between the creation of risks and the damages that the obligation violates the relevance. The essence of the risk elevation theory is to use the quantitative standard to detemine the qualitative concept. The contradiction between quantitative and qualitative cannotbe resolved at the substantive law level. W nderstand ing the theory of risk elevation as a rebuttable causal presumption can resolve its criticism and harm onize with the factually presumed infrastructure.