荆州汉绣的保护与发展策略研究

Han People's Embroidery in Jinzhou: Research on Protection and Development Strategies

汉绣是起源于荆州江陵,兴盛于湖北地区、富有鲜明湖北地方特色的传统民间手工艺之一。它以楚绣为基础,融汇、揉合了南北诸家绣法之长。其主要流行于湖北的荆州、荆门、洪湖、潜江、仙桃、武汉一带,曾与蜀绣、湘绣、苏绣一起并称为"长江流域四大名绣"。荆州境内广泛的桑蚕养殖,丰富的矿植物染料,发达的缫丝织帛手工业,丰厚的文化底蕴,聪慧的手工艺人,高档次的社会需求,造就了楚国丝绸业和刺绣业骄人的成就,这些因素促成了荆沙成为了汉绣的早期发生地。如今,随着沙市绣品厂改制撤销,荆州汉绣又缺乏专业的管理组织,年轻人的学艺时间单调且漫长,汉绣的销售地点分散,同时又面临传统与创新之间的矛盾等等,汉绣艺术在荆州已经面临濒临失传的困境。荆州汉绣的保护与发展迫在眉睫,政府、高校与传承人群应该联手合作,通过整合资源,增加汉绣传承与发展的保障措施,打造生产与销售的"多元一体"格局,树立汉绣的品牌形象,培养荆州汉绣的传承人群和建立汉绣的数字化博物馆等措施,来努力保护荆州汉绣艺术,让这一古老的艺术重新走向辉煌。

Han people’s embroidery originated in Jiangling of Jinzhou in Hubei Province, with peculiar local features. Based on Chu embroidery, it combines the advantages of many schools of embroidery throughout China. Popular in Jinzhou, Jinmeng, Qianjiang, Xiantao and Wuhan of Hubei Province, it was once called one of the “Four Famous Embroideries of the Changjiang River Watershed” together with Shu （Sichuan）, Xiang （Hunan） and Su （Jiangsu） Embroideries. The development of Han people’s embroidery in Jinzhou has been much related to the widespread silkworm farming, rich cultural foundation, bright craftsmen, high-level demand and well-known achievements of silk products in Jinzhou. In these days, this skill is on the verge of disinheritance. It is suggested that its protection and development should be encouraged at the levels of government, universities and inheritors so that a pluralistic pattern could be established, the brand could gain momentum in sustainable development, inheritors could be cultivated, digital museums housing Han people’s embroidered products could be built, and the once-famous skill could march into splendor again.