GIAHS视角下崇义客家梯田系统景观空间格局特征分析

Analysis on Landscape Spatial Pattern of Chongyi Hakka Terraced Field System Towards the Perspective of GIAHS

以崇义客家梯田系统为研究对象,运用景观生态学理论和研究方法,在全球重要农业文化遗产视角下,对该系统整体景观格局特征进行分析,研究景观格局形成与当地农耕文化的内在联系。结果表明:1)以林地景观为主的优势类型突出,其次为梯田、普通农田、耕地、水域和居住用地,林地斑块数目最少,呈现相对破碎和连通度较大的特征,居民用地和耕地的斑块数量、斑块密度都比较大,破碎度较大,形状也比较复杂; 2)景观斑块面积<5 hm2的斑块数占斑块总数的91. 19%,景观面积的91. 24%又处于> 1 000 hm2的层次上,说明景观格局呈现少数几个大斑块集聚分布,以及众多小斑块交错分布的相对破碎的特征; 3)梯田、林地、采矿用地和草地多分布在较高海拔,水域、普通农田、居民用地、建设用地、滩涂和园地绝大部分都分布在300 m以下地带,随着海拔上升而递减,且在0～15°的坡度范围内集中分布,同时随着坡度的增加逐渐减少; 4)崇义客家梯田农业文化遗产地的"森林-草地-茶园-村庄-梯田-水流"垂直立体分布格局,形成了独特的物质流和能量流。

This paper took Chongyi County of Jiangxi Province County Heritage area as the research object, using landscape ecology theory and research methods, the overall landscape pattern character istics of the system are analyzed from the perspective of global important agricultural cultural heritage,and the internal elationship between landscape pattern fommtion and local fainting culture is studied. The results show that ： 1 ） the dominant types of forestland landscape are prominent, followed by terraces, common farmland, cultivated land,waters and residential land. The number of forest patches is the least, showing relatively broken and connected features, residential land and cultivated land. The number of plaques and plaque density are relatively large, the degree of fragmentation is large, and the shape is more complicated. 2）The number of plaques with a landscape plaque area 〈5 hm2 accounts for 91.19% of the total number of plaques,and 91.24% of the landscape area is at 〉 At the level of 1 000 hm2, the landscape pattern shows a small number of large plaque agglomera- tion distribution, and the relatively broken characteristics of many small plaques interlaced ; 3 ） terraces,woodlands, mining land and grassland are mostly distributed at higher altitudes,waters, Most of the common famlland, residential land, construction land, tidal flats and gardens are distributed in the area below 300 m, decreasing with elevation, and concentrated in the slope range of 0 - 15~, and gradually decreasing with the increase of slope ;4）The vertical thine-dimensional distribution pattern of ＂forest-grass-tea garden-village-tetfaced-water flow＂ in the Chongyi Hakka Terrace Agricuhural Culture Heritage Site,rotating a unique material flow and energy flow.