博斯腾湖环境与资源的保护和可持续利用

RESOURCES SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION OF BOSTON LAKE, XINJIANG

通过实地调查和对监测资料的分析 ,从水域面积和水环境质量变化 ,湖滨湿地萎缩和芦苇资源衰退以及湖泊水环境的恶化导致生物多样性受损等方面探讨了新疆博斯腾湖生态与水环境问题及其成因。提出建立博斯腾湖保护区 ,加大管理检查和执法力度 ,加强对农田排污水的控制 ,强化重点排污口和重点城镇生活污水的排污管理 ,并通过湖滨湿地生态恢复工程、增源节水工程、加速湖水循环工程等措施 ,解决博斯腾湖水污染问题 。

Located in north western China, Boston Lake is the largest fresh water lake in China. The eco environment and water problems in the Boston Lake are very seriously. Based on the field investigations and the monitoring data during 1999-2001, the causes for ecosystem degradation and water problems in Boston Lake have been discussed by analyzing the changes of the lake water area and water quality, the withers of lake front and wet, and the damages of biodiversity. The results show that: the mainly pollution source for the degeneration of water environment in Boston Lake is by farmland draining water; the third quarter within a year is the highest season for polluting the water environmental in Boston Lake; The water body pollutant content is mainly consisted by the chloride ion, the sulfate radical, the mineralization, COD and the ammonia nitrogen and so on. The countermeasures for water environment protection and sustainable utilization of Boston Lake were proposed in the paper. Firstly, the pollution control in the basin should be down by establishing nature protection area of Boston Lake, enlarging the management and the law enforcement, strengthening management of dumps pollutants to the lake and strict control industry sewage to enter the lake. And secondly, some ecological engineering measures for water resources protection in the basin should be implemented through rehabilitating of lake front and wet, increasing the source and saving water in irrigation and speeding up water cycle of the Boston Lake.