汉语的语境信息对抽象句和具体句回忆的影响

THE INFLUENCE OF CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION ON THE RECALL OF ABSTRACT AND CONCRETE SENTENCES OF CHINESE LANGUAGE

本实验用汉语材料进行实验,考察了语境信息对抽象句和具体句回忆的影响。在实验Ⅰ中抽象目标句和具体目标句镶嵌在随机语境或主题语境中。在随机语境条件下,被试对具体句比抽象句具有较好的回忆成绩;而在主题语境下,两种类型的句子之间的回忆成绩没有差异,具体性效应消失。实验Ⅱ增加了部分整合语境,在这种条件下,构成语境的主要名词与主题语境相同,但没有形成一个完整的主题。结果发现适当的语境对抽象句的回忆有促进作用,部分整合语境的促进作用位于随机语境和主题语境之间。语境对具体句的回忆没有影响。这一结果支持了语境有效模型。

The influence of contextual information on the recall of abstract andconcrete sentences of Chinese language was studied in a series of experi-ments.In the first experiment,concrete target sentences and abstract targetsentences were presented in either a coherent paragraph context oraran-dom paragraph context. Subjects recalled more concrete sentences thanabstract ones in the random context, but there was no difference betwe-en the two groups of students when the sentences were presented in acoherent context. In the second experiment, a moderately coherent con-text was added, which included many of the same nouns as the coherentparagraph, but was not as thematically coherent. The result showed thatthe moderately coherent context provided intermediate facilitation for therecall of abstract sentences relative to the random context and the coher-ent context, but the context structure did not affect the recall of concre-te sentences. The result were interpreted in accordance with the differ-ential availability of contextual information for abstract and concrete sen-tences of Chinese language in support of the context avalilability model.