罗尔斯的道德心理学是卢梭式的吗?

Is Rawls's Moral Psychology like Rousseau’s?

罗尔斯在《正义感》一文中说,他的目的是阐明卢梭关于正义感的论述为何为真。卢梭的主要观点是正义感源自于自然情感。罗尔斯的道德心理学有三条主线,和卢梭主义之间存在着亲缘与相似关系:第一,正义感来源于爱与友谊;第二,互惠的倾向展现在道德发展的每一个阶段;第三,罗尔斯的道德心理学是现实的道德心理学。这三条主线从不同的角度解释了卢梭的论述为何为真,且源自卢梭的以下思想:道德情感来源于自然情感;自尊有互惠的特征;自尊(而不是同情)是推动人的行为的主要动因。

In'The Sense of Justice',Rawls says that his aim is to demonstrate why Rousseau’s thoughts on the sense of justice might be true.Rousseau’s main idea is that the sense of justice is derived from natural sentiments.There are three themes of Rawls’s moral psychology that are related to or grounded in Rousseauism:first,the sense of justice is derived from love and friendship;second,the disposition of reciprocity is shown in every stage of moral development;third,Rawls’s moral psychology is a realistic one.These three themes explain why Rousseau’s main idea might be true in different ways.They also originate from the following thoughts of Rousseau:moral sentiments are derived from natural sentiments;self-esteem is characterized by reciprocity;self-esteem,not compassion,is the primary motivating force of human behavior.