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杉木人工林针叶光合与蒸腾作用的时空特征 被引量:62

THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPIRATION OF NEEDLES OF CHINESE FIR
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摘要 对 3个林分 (密度A :16 6 7株·hm- 2 ;B :32 33株·hm- 2 ;C :976 7株·hm- 2 )的测定和分析表明 ,树冠不同部位的同龄叶的光补偿点、光饱和点及其最大光合速率不同 ;树冠同一层内 ,成熟针叶光合速率依当年生叶、1a生叶、2a生叶递减。强光下 ,中层叶的蒸腾速率明显小于上层叶。弱光下 ,中层和下层叶具有较高的蒸腾速率 ,几乎等于甚至超过上层叶。一般而言 ,杉木针叶光合作用的光饱和点为 10 0 0~ 190 0 μmol·m- 2 s- 1 ,光补偿点很低 ,大致在 4 .780~ 30 .114 μmol·m- 2 s- 1 范围。同一枝条不同部位不同年龄针叶光合和蒸腾的能力差异明显。枝条后部针叶净光合速率和蒸腾速率明显小于处于枝中、前部的同龄叶 ,却明显具有较高的量子利用效率或对弱光 (以散射光为主 )的利用效率 ,分别为当年生叶 :0 .0 0 6 6 0 μmolCO2 ·μmol- 1 PAR ;1a生叶 :0 .0 1794 μmolCO2 ·μmol- 1 PAR ;2a生叶 :0 .0 12 97μmolCO2 ·μmol- 1 PAR。针叶最大光合速率可达 13.335 μmolCO2·m- 2 s- 1 。同一枝条不同部位的杉木针叶的蒸腾效率变化于 0 .0 0 35~ 0 .0 0 7gCO2 ·g- 1 H2 O ,越靠近枝条后部 ,蒸腾效率越低。一般而言 ,阳生叶的光合能力是阴生叶的 2~ 4倍。生长季中当年生针叶光合和蒸腾速率的日变化? The basic features of photosynthesis and transpiration of three Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata ) stands of different density(1 667 tree·hm -2 , 3 233 tree·hm -2 and 9 767 tree·hm -2 ) were measured in the field. The results showed that the light compensation point, the light saturation point and the maximum photosynthetic rate of needles of different positions of crown and different ages were different. In the same layer of the crown, the photosynthetic rate (A ) of the mature needles was of the law of the current needles higher than one year old needles and one year old needles higher than two year old needles. In the strong radiation the transpiration rate ( E ) of the needles at the middle crown layer was less than that of the needles at the upper layer. But in the weak radiation, E of the needles below the middle crown layer was higher than that of the needles at the top layer.Generally, the light saturation point was 1 000~1 900 μmol·m -2 s -1 PAR,but the light compensation point could be low to 4.780~30.114 μmol·m -2 s -1 .the photosynthesis and transpiration capacity of needles in different positions and of different ages in the same branch was different. The photosynthesis and transpiration capacity of the needles in hind part of a branch was less than that of the needles in the front and the middle, but higher utilization rate of quantum or lower light was found for current needles 0.006 6 μmolCO 2·μmol -1 PAR, one year old needles 0.017 94 μmolCO 2·μmol -1 PAR and two year old needles 0.012 97 μmolCO 2·μmol -1 PAR respectively. The maximum photosynthetic intensity was up to 13.335 μmol CO 2·m -2 s -1 . A/E of the needles in a branch changed in the range of 0.003 5~0.007 gCO 2·g -1 H 2O,and the needles in the hind was of lower A/E. Generally, the photosynthesis capacity of shined needles was 2~4 times of that of shaded needles. A and E of the needles at the top of the branches were stronger than that at both the middle and the hind, and two peaks existed for the daily change of A and E in the growing season for the current needles. It was found that the radiation, the air humidity or the vapor pressure was the key factors to control the stomatal conductance, A and E. The respiration was controlled by the temperature, the humidity of the around air and the boundary layer of the needles. The respiration was higher in day than that at night, and it was in single peak at noon. Good linear relationship was found between the E and respiration. In stands of different density, higher density meant lower average nitrogen content of needles and lower light saturation point and higher light compensation point which led the tree to tend to use the lower light and to be of week growth. In the three stands, for the needles with different ages, the stand of lower density was of higher photosynthetic intensity.
出处 《林业科学》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2002年第5期38-46,共9页 Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金 国家自然科学基金资助项目 (93 90 0 11)
关键词 杉木人工林 针叶 蒸腾作用 时空特征 光合作用 呼吸作用 Cunninghamia lanceolata, Photosynthesis, Transpiration, Respiration
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