论普赖尔对第奥多鲁主论证之重构

On Prior's Reconstruction for Diodorus' Master Argument

第奥多鲁为了确立他自己关于可能的定义而提出了"主论证",为了从逻辑的层面澄清第奥多鲁支持的论证,普赖尔对第奥多鲁本人的解答进行了重构。本文梳理和讨论了普赖尔对第奥多鲁解答的重构,并对其他学者对普赖尔重构的批评进行了分析。指出:普赖尔的主论证重构使用了模态和时态逻辑,对命题的刻画是精致的,论证方法也独具匠心,但添加的论证前提(d)预设了时间的离散性,因而论证只是有条件地成立。至于其他学者对普赖尔重构前提有歧义的批评,只要采用时态逻辑的规范读法,是完全可以消除的。

For establishing his own definition of possibility,Diodorus presented the“masterargument”.In order to clarify logically the argument supported by Diodorus,Prior reconstructedDiodorus’solution.This paper classifies and discusses Diodorus’solutionreconstructed by Prior,and analyses other scholars’criticisms to Prior’s reconstruction.The paper points out that the master argument reconstructed by Prior uses modal andtense logic,the description of propositions is elaborate,the method of argumentation isalso unique,but the additional argumentation premise(d)presupposes time is discrete.Therefore,the argumentation just holds conditionally.As for other scholars’criticisms tothe ambiguities of premises in Prior’s reconstruction,if we adopt the normative readingmethod of tense logic,then they are completely eliminable.