摘要
随着我国工业化进程的不断深入,能源需求呈刚性增长和多元化发展,小型反应堆尤其是第四代液态金属冷却小型堆由于安全性、经济性和移动性等优势具有广阔的应用前景。本研究通过调研目前小型堆的市场需求与当前三代轻水冷却小型堆的技术特点,论证了发展小型堆的必要性与三代轻水冷却小型堆在核燃料利用方面的局限性。在此基础上,进一步调研四代小型堆的技术特点与研发现状,并在安全性、经济性与应用前景三方面对四代小型堆与三代小型堆进行对比分析,得出四代液态金属冷却小型堆较轻水冷却小型堆更为安全,具有固有安全特性的结论;在经济性方面,可以采用闭式燃料循环,总投资成本更低;在应用前景方面,可以更好适应边远地区核动力系统、航空航天核动力系统、军事核动力平台以及其他方面的发展需求。
With the development of industry in China,energy demand keeps increasing monotonically and develops towards diversification.Small reactors,especially the Generation IV liquid metal cooled small reactors have broad application prospect due to the advantages on safety,economy and mobility.This study summarized the market demand of small reactors and the technological features of Generation III light water cooled small reactors,and demonstrated the necessity of developing small reactors and the limitation of Generation III light water cooled small reactors on the utilization efficiency of nuclear fuel.Then the technological features and status of Generation IV small reactors were summarized,and the performances of Generation III and IV small reactors on the safety,economy and application prospect were compared.It was indicated that Generation IV liquid metal cooled small reactors featured with inherent safety are safer than Generation III light water cooled small reactors.Generation IV liquid metal cooled small reactors based on closed nuclear fuel cycle are more economical than Generation III light water cooled small reactors due to low cost of investment.Furthermore,Generation IV liquid metal cooled small reactors are suitable for the application in remote areas,aerospace,and military fields.
作者
陈仁宗
王冠
CHEN Ren-zong;WANG Guan(Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;China Nuclear Industry Huajian Asset Management LTD., Beijing 100123, China)
出处
《科技视界》
2018年第3期15-18,共4页
Science & Technology Vision