章太炎《小学答问》“本借流变”研究

The Survey of Benjieliubian in Zhang Taiyan's Xiaoxuedawen

《小学答问》是一部以章太炎旅日授小学期间的师生交流互动为基础,由章太炎编写的问答体语言文字学专著。阐明本借关系是《小学答问》的首要任务。章太炎在判别本字时以《说文解字》及其他小学传注、词书、字书为依据,借字出自纂集、文献及相承用字。本字与借字之间的判断基础是严格的音同或音近。《小学答问》中的本借关系以本字确定的一本一借型本借层次关系为主,一本二借型与二本一借型也持有一定的比例。

Xiaoxuedawen,a philology treatise in Q&A genre by Zhang Taiyan,was composed upon the discussions between Zhang and his students as he was teaching Historical Semantics in Japan.The book focused on explicating the relationships between“original characters”and“borrowed characters”.When determining the original characters,Zhang mainly drew on Shuowenjiezi and other dictionaries on traditional Chinese linguistics.The criterion for the relations between these two kinds of characters is the sharing of the same or similar pronunciation.Xiaoxuedawen targeted at a one-on-one relationship where one specific original character is paired with one borrowed character,yet accompanied by such other relation types as one original character corresponding to two borrowed characters or two original characters to one borrowed character.