减量施氮对郑麦101产量及加工品质的影响

Effects of Reducing Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Yield and Processing Quality of Zhengmai 101

采用裂区试验设计,在常规施用磷、钾肥的条件下,以不施氮肥和普通尿素常规施氮量(225 kg/hm2)为对照,设置4个减氮处理(普通尿素减少10%、20%、30%和控释尿素减少20%),探讨减量施氮对郑麦101产量和品质的影响,旨在为进一步开展小麦优质高产栽培研究和实现化肥零增长的目标提供科学依据和技术参考。结果表明,与普通尿素常规施氮量处理相比,普通尿素常规施氮量减少30%时,显著减产4.93%,而普通尿素常规施氮量减少10%、20%及等量控释尿素减少20%时,小麦产量及其构成因素变化不显著。对小麦的一次加工品质进行研究发现,减施氮肥会造成郑麦101籽粒粗蛋白含量降低,在普通尿素常规施氮量减少20%时达到显著水平。对小麦的二次加工品质进行研究发现,小麦沉降值、吸水率和形成时间对施氮量并不敏感;湿面筋含量虽表现出随一定范围内施氮量的减少而降低的趋势,但在普通尿素常规施氮量减少20%及等量控释尿素减少20%时并没有显著变化;等量控释尿素减氮20%(180 kg/hm2)时可以显著延长面团的稳定时间,降低弱化度。

A split-plot experimental design was performed to establish four nitrogen reducing treatments under the condition of conventional application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,with no nitrogen and conventional nitrogen application(225 kg/ha)as the control,the influence of reduced nitrogen application rate on the yield and quality of Zhengmai 101 was studied,so as to provide scientific basis,technical reference for the further study of high quality,high yield cultivation of wheat and the goal of zero growth of fertilizer.The results showed the yield significantly decreased by 4.93%when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 30%.Compared with conventional nitrogen fertilizer rate,wheat yield,the numbers of spikes,grains per spike and 1 000-grain weight were not significantly changed under the amount of nitrogen fertilizer decreased by 10%or 20%.The first processing quality analysis showed that the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer rate caused crude protein content decreased,reached the significant level when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 20%and controlled-release urea decreased by 20%.The second processing quality analysis showed that the sedimentation value,water absorption rate and formation time were not sensitive to amount of nitrogen fertilizer.Wet gluten content decreased with the decrease of the amount of nitrogen in a certain range;nevertheless,there was no significant difference under the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and controlled-release urea decreased by 20%.The controlled-release urea amount reduced by 20%(180 kg/ha)could significantly prolong stability time,and decrease the degree of softening.