工业化模式与农民工问题的区域差异——基于珠三角与长三角地区的比较研究

The Industrialization Modes and the Regional Differences of Migrant Workers——A Comparative Study of the Pearl River Delta Region and Yangtze River Delta Region

对农民工问题的考察需要重视区域发展经验的影响。本研究以珠三角与长三角地区农民工的家庭流动为例,分析了两地劳动体制与农民工问题的内在关联。劳动体制的差异可进一步追溯至两大区域的工业化模式。首先,相比珠三角地区,长三角地区强政府与强资本的组合带动了产业升级,同时也为提升劳动权益和薪酬待遇提供了基础;其次,相比珠三角外来资本外来工的组合,长三角早期本地资本本地工的组合限制了企业对宿舍劳动体制的选择,不过对劳动权益和薪酬待遇的影响则相对有限;再次,长三角地区非户籍人口占比低于珠三角,也使得长三角农民工更有可能获得城市公共服务。本研究认为,应该从区域工业化经验中认识我国农民工问题的复杂性,并在政策层面慎重对待地方政府在产业发展中的角色。

It is very important to incorporate the diversity of regional development experiences in the study of the Chinese migrant workers.This paper uses the family migration of workers in the Pearl River Delta region(PRD)and Yangtze River Delta region(YRD)as examples to analyze the interconnection between the labour regimes and issues of migrant workers.The varying labour regimes in these regions can be explained by their industrialization modes.First,different from the PRD,the combination of strong government and entrepreneurs not only propelled the industrial upgrade in the YRD,but also provided the basis for the improvement of labour rights and remunerations.Second,compared to the industrialization driven by the combination of foreign investment and migrant labour in the PRD,the“local capital+indigenous workers”mode in the YRD had imposed restrictions on the enterprises’choice of dormitory labour regime.However,this mode of industrialization had relatively limited influence on the labour rights and remunerations.Last but not least,the percentage of non-household population in the YRD is lower than that in the PRD,which enabled migrant workers to have more possibilities to obtain urban public service.This research calls for more attention to comprehend the complexity of issue of migrant workers through regional industrialization experiences.In terms of policy,the role of local governments should be treated with caution in the process of industrial development.