电动汽车能耗与气体排放分析及环境影响评价

Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Consumption with Emission and Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicle

以普瑞斯、比亚迪E6分别作为混合动力汽车和纯电动汽车代表,利用生命周期评价方法,对电动汽车制造、使用、报废回收3个主要阶段进行了环境成本、能耗和环境影响潜值评价,并与以桑塔纳为代表的传统燃油汽车的相应结果进行比较分析.结果表明:在生命周期内,纯电动汽车的环境成本最低,其次是混合动力汽车,传统燃油汽车的最高,其中纯电动汽车的环境成本仅为燃油汽车的36. 04%.混合动力汽车和纯电动汽车在全生命周期过程中总能耗分别是传统燃油汽车的59. 92%和52. 20%.车辆行驶阶段,电动汽车的能耗较低,而在车辆制造和废弃回收阶段它们的能耗则更高.混合动力汽车和纯电动汽车全生命周期的加权总环境影响潜值分别为传统燃油汽车的56. 72%和34. 16%.混合动力汽车的环境影响负荷与传统燃油汽车的类似,主要来自于光化学烟雾,而纯电动汽车环境影响负荷则主要来自于粉尘、全球变暖和光化学烟雾三个方面.

In this paper,life cycle assessment method was used to comparatively study environmental cost,energy consumption and environment-impact potential of hybrid electric vehicle(Prius),pure electric vehicle(BYD E6),and conventional fuel vehicle(Santana)in their three stages of production,use and waste recycling.In their full life cycle,pure electric vehicle has the lowest environmental cost,followed by hybrid vehicle,and the highest is conventional fuel vehicles.The environmental cost of pure electric vehicle is only 36.04%of that of fuel vehicle.The total energy consumptions of hybrid and pure electric vehicles are 59.92%and 52.20%of that of the traditional fuel vehicles,respectively.Compared with fuel vehicle,the energy consumption of electric vehicles is lower than that when it is used,and their energy consumption is higher than that in the process of vehicle manufacturing and waste recycling.In addition,the weighted total environmental-impact potentials of hybrid and pure electric vehicles in full life cycle are 56.72%and 34.16%than those of the conventional fuel vehicles,respectively.Similar to fuel vehicle,the environmental-impact load of hybrid vehicle is mainly from photochemical smog,while that of pure electric vehicle mainly comes from the three aspects:dust,global warming and photochemical smog.