工作记忆表征对视觉注意的影响:基于非目标模板的视角

The role of working memory representation in visual search: The perspective of non-target template

储存在工作记忆中的视觉表征会影响注意选择过程。其中,与目标有关的工作记忆表征(靶子模板)对视觉注意起到自上而下的引导作用,而与目标无关的工作记忆表征(非目标模板)亦会对注意分配产生影响。本文通过系统分析非目标工作记忆表征影响视觉搜索过程的相关研究,发现非目标模板在视觉搜索任务中既存在自动化的注意捕获,也会形成主动抑制以提高目标搜索绩效。进一步地,对非目标模板的注意捕获或抑制受实验范式、任务难度、刺激材料特征以及认知控制水平等因素的影响。未来研究应该在不断深入细化变量操纵、完善变量控制的同时,进一步扩展应用领域的研究。

The contents of visual working memory(VWM)have been repeatedly found to be linked with attention allocation during visual searching.While the target representation in working memory(target template)was found to affect memory-driven attentional capture in a top-down manner,non-target representation in working memory(non-target template)can also affect attentional selection.The present article reviews existing literature on the modulation of attentional selection by non-target template stored in visual working memory.It is concluded that non-target presentations can not only automatically bias attention to information that matches the non-target template,but also benefit visual search performance by strategically suppressing items that matches the non-target template.The suppression functions of non-target template were affected by several factors including experiment paradigm,task difficulty,characteristics of stimuli and level of cognitive control.Future research should be aimed towards further investigation of its properties and promote both basic and applied research.