数字人文研究的图书馆学方法:书目控制与文献循证

Bibliographic Approach to Digital Humanities:Authority Control and Evidence-Based Practices

考察人文计算和数字人文的历史可以发现,数字人文本质上是一个"方法论共同体"(Methodological Commons),即由人文学者采用计算机方法和工具,依靠数字化和数据化的人文资料从事人文研究的实践活动。这类实践表现出人文科学在方法论层面一种融合性和共通性:各门人文学科虽然问题不同且对象迥异,但由于材料的处理和内容的组织都采用了数字化工具和方法,因此构建统一的数字人文基础设施已成为可能。目前对方法论共同体的深入研究尚不多见,估计是由于数字人文的跨学科属性,既要熟知人文科学及其各分支学科的研究方法和一般规律,又要具备数据科学应用能力。这一领域常常是人文学者先知先觉,计算机专家随后跟进,而目前却成就了很多数据专家,成为具有知识组织能力的新型图书馆专家施展才华的领域。文章从引介数字人文的方法论基础和主要支撑技术入手,重点讨论了图书馆传统文献学中书目控制和文献循证两种方法能够对数字人文研究带来的巨大作用,这两大方法提供了数字人文的两大基础——数据与方法——的最基本的支持,并对未来图书馆在人文研究中的服务进行了展望。

By investigating the history of Humanity Computing or Digital Humanity,we can find that digital humanity is a kind of activities consisted of so called“Methodological Commons”,which uses com-puters and digital tools upon digitized or datalized materials,to accomplish humanities researches.This kind of practice shows a lot of integration and commonality at the methodological level.Although they usu-ally have different problems to solve,in different subjects with different objects,but because of the proce-dure and organizing approaches are of the same,so a unified Digital Humanity infrastructure has become possible.Atpresent,in-depthresearch on themethodological commons isstillraredueto theinterdiscipli-nary nature of digital humanities.It is necessary to be familiar with the research methods in general and at the same time with itsvarious branches,as well as the ability to applydatascience.This fieldis often coming with the forerunner of humanity scholars,then computer experts follow up(now it has made a lot of data experts),and finally has become a field of library and information experts with web knowledge or-ganization abilitytodisplaytheir talents.This paperstarts with the introduction of the method ology and supporting technologies for digital humanity research,and focuses on the effects of bibliog raphic control and evidence-based practice.These two methods provide the fundamental support to digital humanities.The article also looks forward to the future library services in humanities research.