天津市区雨水径流污染指标分类及污染源解析

Classification of rainwater runoff pollution indexes and analysis of pollution sources in Tianjin urban area

在运用主成分分析方法的基础上,对天津市区降雨的屋面径流以及菜市场路面径流进行了采样分析。对样本的特征性指标SS、COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷进行分类分析,尝试分析出不同下垫面产生的雨水径流污染物的污染源,并分析各污染物初始冲刷效应。分析结果表明:屋面径流的特征性污染物中总氮、氨氮和COD组成为同一类指标,说明其潜在的第一类主要污染源为机动车尾气、大气干湿沉降以及屋面材料析出物。总磷和SS分别归为另两类指标,其潜在的第二类污染源为建筑工地污染以及机动车损耗。菜市场路面径流的特征性污染中SS、总磷和COD可组成同一类指标,说明其潜在主要污染源为机动车损耗以及生活垃圾污染。氨氮和总氮可归为另一类指标,说明大气干湿沉降和机动车尾气排放为第二类污染源。路面较屋面更易形成初始冲刷效应,并且氨氮的初始冲刷效应显著,存在污染源的持续输入。

Based on the method of principal component analysis,we sampled and analyzed the roof runoff at residential area and road surface runoff at grocery market in Tianjin urban area.We classified and analyzed the characteristic indexes of SS,COD,ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus,attempted to find out the sources of runoff pollutants produced on different underlying surfaces,and analyzed the first flush effect of each pollutant.Analysis results showed that the total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,and COD among the characteristic pollutants of roof rainwater runoff belonged to the same class of indexes,which means that the first kind of potential main pollution sources were vehicle emissions,atmospheric dry and wet deposition,and the roofing material precipitates.Total phosphorus and SS belonged to the other two classes,indicating that the second kind of potential main pollution sources were construction site pollution and the spoilage of vehicles.Among the characteristic pollutants of the road surface runoff at grocery market,SS,total phosphorus,and COD belonged to the same class of indexes,which means that the first kind of potential main pollution sources were the spoilage of motor vehicles and the pollution of domestic wastes.Ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen belonged to another class,indicating that atmospheric dry and wet deposition and vehicle emission were the second potential main pollution sources.The first flush effect was more likely to occur on road surface than on the roof.There was a continuous input of pollution source and the first flush effect of ammonia nitrogen was significant.