不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量的差异

Differences of Canopy Light Interception Characteristics and Yield in Different Yield Potential Wheat Varieties

为探讨超高产条件下不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量差异,于2016-2017年小麦生长季,以烟农1212、济麦22和良星99三个产量潜力不同的小麦品种为材料,在山东省兖州市小孟镇史家王子村超高产田进行试验,研究三个小麦品种群体动态、叶面积指数、冠层光截获特性、花后旗叶光合速率及产量的差异。结果表明:(1)烟农1212的分蘖成穗率及开花后28d和35d的叶面积指数、冠层PAR(光合有效辐射)截获率均显著高于济麦22和良星99,而花后14～35d,PAR透射率表现为良星99>济麦22>烟农1212。(2)开花后0d和7d,烟农1212和济麦22的旗叶光合速率无显著差异,均显著高于良星99;花后14～35d烟农1212的旗叶光合速率显著高于济麦22和良星99。(3)品种间单位面积穗数无显著差异,烟农1212的穗粒数和籽粒产量均显著高于济麦22和良星99,千粒重显著高于良星99。在本试验条件下,烟农1212是冠层光截获特性最优、籽粒产量最高的小麦品种。

In order to clarify the differences of canopy light interception characteristics in different yield potential wheat varieties,three wheat varieties:Yannong 1212,Jimai 22 and Liangxing 99,were selected as the materials to study the differences in total stem number,the leaf area index,canopy light interception characteristics,photosynthetic rate of flag leaf and yield among wheat varieties,in Shiwang village,Yanzhou,Shandong,China.The results showed that the spike bearing rate of tiller of Yannong 1212 was significantly higher than that of Jimai 22 and Liangxing 99.The leaf area index of Yannong 1212 was significantly higher than that of Jimai 22 and Liangxing 99 at 28 to 35 days after anthesis(DAA).The canopy PAR(photosynthetic active radiation)capture ratio of Yannong 1212 was significantly higher than that of Jimai 22 and Liangxing 99 at 28 to 35 DAA.The canopy PAR penetration ratio ranked as Liangxing 99>Jimai 22>Yannong 1212 at 14 to 35 DAA.During 0 to 7 DAA of wheat,there was no significant difference in the net photosynthetic rate in flag leaf of Yannong 1212 and Jimai 22,which was significantly higher than that of Liangxing 99.During 14 to 35 DAA,the net photosynthetic rate in flag leaf of Yannong 1212 was significantly higher than that of Jimai 22 and Liangxing 99.There were no significant difference among three varieties in spike number.The grain number per spike and grain yield of Yannong 1212 was significantly higher than those of Jimai 22 and Liangxing 99,and the 1 000-grain weight of Yannong 1212 was significantly higher than that of Liangxing 99.Under this test conditions,Yannong 1212 has the best light interception characteristics and is the highest grain yield variety.