摘要
AIM To elucidate tongue coating microbiota and metabolic differences in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients with yellow or white tongue coatings.METHODS Tongue coating samples were collected from 53 CHBpatients(28 CHB yellow tongue coating patients and 25 CHB white tongue coating patients) and 22 healthy controls.Microbial DNA was extracted from the tongue samples,and the bacterial 16 S ribosomal RNA gene V3 region was amplified from all samples and sequenced with the Ion Torrent PGM^(TM)sequencing platform according to the standard protocols.The metabolites in the tongue coatings were evaluated using a liquid chromatographymass spectrometry(LC-MS) platform.Statistical analyses were then performed.RESULTS The relative compositions of the tongue coating microbiotas and metabolites in the CHB patients were significantly different from those of the healthy controls,but the tongue coating microbiota abundances and diversity levels were not significantly different.Compared with the CHB white tongue coating patients,the CHB yellow tongue coating patients had higher hepatitis B viral DNA(HBV-DNA) titers(median 21210 vs 500,respectively,P = 0.03) and a significantly lower level of Bacteroidetes(20.14% vs 27.93%,respectively,P = 0.013) and higher level of Proteobacteria(25.99% vs 18.17%,respectively,P = 0.045) in the microbial compositions at the phylum level.The inferred metagenomic pathways enriched in the CHB yellow tongue coating patients were mainly those involved in amino acid metabolism,which was consistent with the metabolic disorder.The abundances of bacteria from Bacteroidales at the order level were higher in the CHB white tongue coating patients(19.2% vs 27.22%,respectively,P = 0.011),whereas Neisseriales were enriched in the yellow tongue coating patients(21.85% vs 13.83%,respectively,P = 0.029).At the family level,the abundance of Neisseriaceae in the yellow tongue patients was positively correlated with the HBV-DNA level but negatively correlated with the S-adenosyl-L-methionine level.CONCLUSION This research illustrates specific clinical features and bacterial structures in CHB patients with different tongue coatings,which facilitates understanding of the traditional tongue diagnosis.
AIM To elucidate tongue coating microbiota and metabolic differences in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients with yellow or white tongue coatings.METHODS Tongue coating samples were collected from 53 CHBpatients(28 CHB yellow tongue coating patients and 25 CHB white tongue coating patients) and 22 healthy controls.Microbial DNA was extracted from the tongue samples,and the bacterial 16 S ribosomal RNA gene V3 region was amplified from all samples and sequenced with the Ion Torrent PGM^(TM)sequencing platform according to the standard protocols.The metabolites in the tongue coatings were evaluated using a liquid chromatographymass spectrometry(LC-MS) platform.Statistical analyses were then performed.RESULTS The relative compositions of the tongue coating microbiotas and metabolites in the CHB patients were significantly different from those of the healthy controls,but the tongue coating microbiota abundances and diversity levels were not significantly different.Compared with the CHB white tongue coating patients,the CHB yellow tongue coating patients had higher hepatitis B viral DNA(HBV-DNA) titers(median 21210 vs 500,respectively,P = 0.03) and a significantly lower level of Bacteroidetes(20.14% vs 27.93%,respectively,P = 0.013) and higher level of Proteobacteria(25.99% vs 18.17%,respectively,P = 0.045) in the microbial compositions at the phylum level.The inferred metagenomic pathways enriched in the CHB yellow tongue coating patients were mainly those involved in amino acid metabolism,which was consistent with the metabolic disorder.The abundances of bacteria from Bacteroidales at the order level were higher in the CHB white tongue coating patients(19.2% vs 27.22%,respectively,P = 0.011),whereas Neisseriales were enriched in the yellow tongue coating patients(21.85% vs 13.83%,respectively,P = 0.029).At the family level,the abundance of Neisseriaceae in the yellow tongue patients was positively correlated with the HBV-DNA level but negatively correlated with the S-adenosyl-L-methionine level.CONCLUSION This research illustrates specific clinical features and bacterial structures in CHB patients with different tongue coatings,which facilitates understanding of the traditional tongue diagnosis.
基金
Supported by the Shanghai Educational Development Foundation,No.14CG41
the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81403298 and No.81373857
the National Key New Drug Creation Project,No.2017ZX09304002
