想象视域中的二律背反:论晚清小说的现代性面向

The Antinomy in the Imaginary Horizon: Study on the modernity of the novels in late Qing Dynasty

文学现代性是在文学自身发展流程中出现的与前现代文学的异质性与反叛性特性,晚清小说于一种想象视域中体现出二律背反,即反抗传统又同情依赖于传统的文学现代性。叙事想象历程中于反抗中对个体命运的焦虑、绝望中对民族命运的怨恨的双重现代性体验;通过文本内外的符号创造于延续传统的同时,体现出对传统的突破与反抗,这是晚清小说现代性的基本特征呈现与发展理路。晚清小说现代性本身是充满矛盾张力和不成熟的,其文学现代性的杂糅与不纯粹,以及现代性的乌托邦色彩、人的现代性开启与遮蔽、文本现代性的缺失等等,似乎预示着晚清小说现代性仍然只是一种"在路上"的言说。

Literary modernity is the characteristics of heterogeneity and rebellion of pre-modern literature which appears in the development process of literature.In a vision of imagination,the novels in Late Qing Dynasty showed the antinomy of antinomy,that the sympathy for the literature modernity,resistance to tradition and relying on tradition.The narrative imagination experiences and the dual modernity of the anxiety of the individual destiny in the resistance and the resentment of the national destiny in the despair.By creating the symbols in and out of the text while continuing the tradition,it shows the breakthrough and resistance to tradition.This is the basic characteristic of the modernity of the novels in Late Qing Dynasty.The modernity of the novels in Late Qing Dynasty was full of ambivalence and immaturity.The mixture and impurity of its literary modernity,the utopian color of modernity,the opening and covering of human modernity and the absence of textual modernity,etc.,seemed to indicate that the modernity of novels in the Late Qing Dynasty was still just a kind of saying in the process.