改革开放40年我国义务教育均衡发展的政策变迁、动因和经验

Balanced Development of Compulsory Education: Policy Change,Motivation and Experience(1978-2018)

义务教育是教育事业重中之重,是实现教育强国战略的基础,是建设人力资源强国的根本。改革开放40年,城乡义务教育均衡发展经历了普及教育城乡有别、撤点并校发展和城乡一体化发展三个阶段。社会主要矛盾的变化、物质财富的增长、教育优先发展战略地位的确立和教育公平的价值追求是城乡义务教育均衡发展变迁的推动力。推进义务教育标准化建设,深化办学模式改革,开展课堂革命,实现"办好每一所学校,教好每一个孩子"的要求,是落实城乡义务教育均衡发展基本经验。

Of supreme importance in education undertakings,the compulsory education is not only fundamental to realize the strategy of invigorating the country through education but also the root to make the country strong in human resources.During the40years of Reform and Opening,the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education has gone through three stages,namely,popularizing education with rural and urban differences,combining schools by integrating certain rural schools into urban schools,and integration of urban and rural areas.The motivations leading to the above changes lie in the change of social principal contradiction,the growth of material wealth,the establishment of prior development of education and the pursuit for the value of equal access to education.Throughout the three stages,it comes to conclusion that the implementation of the balanced development of compulsory education in both urban and rural areas should focus on promoting the standardization of compulsory education,deepening the reform of school-running modes,carrying out classroom revolution and achieving the requirement of"running every school effectively and educating every child well".