双膜组件及耦合工艺的研究与应用进展

Research and application progress of dual-membrane modules and coupling processes

气体膜分离技术受到工业化膜材料性能的限制,往往不能同时达到生产过程对选择性和渗透性的要求。双膜组件是将两种气体渗透性能不同甚至相反的膜材料集成到一个组件中,可以很好地弥补膜材料自身选择性差以及渗透速率低的缺陷。首先介绍了双膜组件的研究进展,回顾了双膜组件从产生到发展几个主要研究团队的贡献。随后,介绍了双膜组件强化传质和分离的特点,展示了双膜组件降低膜两侧浓差极化的基本原理,分析了流动形式对组件分离效率的影响。接着借助实例对基于双膜组件的双膜+吸收、双膜+反应和双膜+冷凝+精馏的3种耦合流程工艺进行了详细阐述。最后对双膜组件的研究和工业应用进行了展望,指出通过与其他分离方法进行耦合双膜组件在石油化工、天然气工业等领域已经显现出一定的潜力和独特的优越性,提出双膜组件的研究还处于发展阶段,需要加强膜组件分离序列及操作条件方面的实验研究。

The gas membrane separation technology is limited by the properties of industrial membrane materials and often cannot meet the requirements of selectivity and permeability in the production process at the same time.The dual-membrane module integrates two gas membrane materials with different or even opposite permeation properties into one structure,which can well compensate for the poor selectivity of the membrane material and the low permeation rate.First,the research progress of the dual-membrane module is introduced,and the contributions of several main research teams from its generation to development are reviewed.Subsequently,the characteristics of enhanced mass transfer and separation are introduced,the basic principle of reducing concentration polarization on both sides of membrane is shown,and the influence of flow form on separation efficiency of components is analyzed.Then,the three coupling processes of dual-membrane+absorption,dual-membrane+reaction and dual-membrane+condensation+distillation based on the dual-membrane module are described in detail by examples.Finally,the prospects for the research and industrial application of the dual-membrane module are presented.Through the coupling with other separation methods,the dual-membrane module has shown certain potential and unique advantages in the fields of petrochemical industry and natural gas industry.The study on the dual-membrane module is still in the development stage,and the experimental study on separation sequence and operation condition of membrane module needs to be strengthened.