大学生足球比赛负荷特征研究——基于数据级数推断与广义混合线性模型的分析

Physical Load of Football Matches on Collegiate Players:Analyses Based on the MBI and GMLM

运用"简极-茵战K1"智能足球运动表现分析系统采集12名大学生运动员在8场正式足球比赛中的跑动和心率相关指标,量化运动员的外部和内部比赛负荷。结果显示:(1)在外部负荷方面,大学生足球运动员在正式的足球比赛中场均跑动距离(8 464±822) m,其中,慢速跑跑动距离约占39.8%,低速跑跑动距离约占30.2%,高强度跑动距离约占5.1%,场均高强度跑动次数(30±14)次;在内部负荷方面,运动员在比赛中的平均心率为(160±11)次/分钟,52%的比赛时间处于80%最大心率以上区间,仅有14.5%的比赛时间内处于70%最大心率以下区间。(2)后卫球员的跑动总距离大程度地低于中场(ES=1.2,可能性>95%)和前锋(ES=1.4,可能性>95%),高强度跑平均间歇时间则中等程度地高于中场(ES=0.6,可能性>75%)和前锋(ES=0.9,可能性>75%),后卫球员在比赛处于中高强度心率区间的时间比例中等程度地低于中场(ES=1.0,可能性>95%)和前锋(ES=1.1,可能性>75%)。前锋球员在比赛中的最大跑动速度(ES=0.7,可能性>75%)、步行距离(ES=0.8,可能性>75%)、慢速跑跑动距离(ES=0.6,可能性>75%)和中等强度心率区间占比(ES=0.7,可能性>75%)皆中等程度地高于中场球员,而低速跑跑动距离(ES=0.8,可能性>75%)、平均心率(ES=0.6,可能性>75%)和高强度心率区间占比(ES=0.6,可能性>95%)则都中等程度的低于中场球员。

Insait K1 Performance Analysis System was employed to collect data of the heart rate and running-related indicators of 12 collegiate football players in eight official matches, for the purpose of evaluating their external and internal match load. Main results include:(1) In terms of external load, college football players ran an average of 8464 ±822 m in formal matches, of which jogging distance accounted for 39.8%, low-speed running distance accounted for 30.2%, high-intensity running distance accounted for 5.1%, and the average number of high-intensity running was30±14 times per game; in terms of internal load, the average heart rate of players in the game was160 ±11 times/min, 52% of the game time was above 80% of the maximum heart rate, and only14.5% of the game time was below 70% of the maximum heart rate.(2) The defender ran a total distance significantly shorter than the midfield(ES=1.2, P>95%) and the forward(ES=1.4,P>95%), the average interval of his high-intensity running was moderately longer than the midfield(ES=0.6, P>75%) and the striker(ES=0.9, P>75%). But his time in the range of the high-intensity heart rate was moderately shorter than the midfield.(ES=1.0, P>95%) and the forward(ES=1.1,P>75%). The maximum running speed(ES=0.7, P>75%), walking distance(ES=0.8, P>75%), jogging distance(ES=0.6, P>75%) and the medium intensity heart rate interval(ES=0.7, P>75%) of the forward player in the game was moderately higher than the midfielder, while the low-speed running distance(ES=0.8, P>75%) and average heart rate(ES=0.6, P>75%) and high intensity heart rate interval(ES=0.6, P>95%) are all moderately lower than midfielders.