中外职业启蒙教育研究和发展评述

Education Research and Development Review on Career Enlightenment at Home and Abroad

发达国家已经形成了完善的职业生涯教育的理论和实施路径,我国也在上世纪九十年代形成了比较健全的普通中学的职业指导的教育理念和实施方案。本世纪初,国家改革基础教育,从小学至高中设置综合实践活动并作为必修课程。2017年,教育部颁发《中小学综合实践活动课程指导纲要》,将职业认知和职业体验纳入其中。近几年,许多研究者开始关注中小学的职业启蒙教育制度建设,对我国职业启蒙教育的必要性、迫切性、内涵界定、存在问题、采取的教育理念、实施路径、政策保证等方面进行了广泛研究,取得广泛共识,对健全我国中小学职业启蒙教育起到促进作用。

Developed countries have formed a complete theory and implementation path of career education,and China also formed a relatively sound education concept and implementation scheme of career guidance for ordinary middle schools in the 1990s.At the beginning of this century,the national reform foundation education,from primary school to high school set comprehensive practical activities and as a compulsory course.In 2017,the Ministry of Education issued the Guidelines for the Curriculum of Comprehensive Practical Activities for Primary and Secondary Schools,which included vocational cognition and vocational experience.In recent years,many researchers begin to pay close attention to vocational education system construction of enlightenment of primary and secondary schools and vocational enlightenment education in our country.They have conducted extensive research on necessity,urgency,connotation,problems,education concepts,implementation path and policy guarantee,which gains consensus and promotes sound professional enlightenment education in elementary and secondary schools in China.