中小规模奶牛场粪污处理与利用方案

Waste Treatment and Utilization in Small and Medium-sized Dairy Farms

以400头奶牛养殖场为例,采用固体牛粪添加菌糠或粗糠等辅料进行堆肥发酵生产有机肥,污水经三级沉淀池微生物厌氧发酵降解后浇灌牧草地模式,对有机肥产品以及污水进行检测,对这套模式的工艺及设备、堆肥辅料选择、建设与投资、运行费用和经济效益等进行了分析。结果表明:(1)堆肥有机质含量、总养分、蛔虫卵杀死率和粪大肠菌群等都达标,重金属含量远远低于国家允许标准;(2)污水检测,pH、五日生化耗氧量(BOD5)、悬浮固体物(SS)、总磷等4个指标达到排放标准,但化学耗氧量(COD)、氨氮与大肠杆菌数等指标达不到排放标准。研究结果提示,处理后的污水施用于牧草地,不对外排放,能够达到资源化利用的目的。

Taken a dairy farm with 400 cows as an example,the fungus chaff or rice bran and other auxiliary materials were added into the cow dung to be fermented as organic fertilizer.After the degradation of microbial anaerobic fermentation in the tertiary sedimentation tank,the waste water was used to irrigate the grassland.The quality of the organic fertilizer and the degraded sewage were tested.Then some aspects of this mode were analyzed,such as the technology and equipment,the choice of compost ingredients,construction and investment,operation expenditure and economic benefits.The results indicate that:(1)For the organic fertilizer,the content of organic matter,total nutrients,the killing rate of the larvae and the fecal coliform bacteria are all qualified,and the heavy metal content is far below the national standard.(2)For the degraded sewage,the pH,five days biochemical oxygen consumption,suspended solids,total phosphorus are qualified,but the chemical oxygen demand,ammonia nitrogen and Escherichia coli number are unqualified.As a result of this model,if the treated sewage is applied to the grassland rather than to be discharged to the outside world,it could achieve the purpose of resource utilization.