鸭肥肝和鹅肥肝的氨基酸、脂肪酸营养价值及质构特性比较

Comparison on Amino Acids and Fatty Acids Nutritive Value and Texture Characteristics in Duck Fatty Liver and Goose Fatty Liver

本试验通过对鸭肥肝和鹅肥肝的基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸进行分析和营养评价,旨在比较鸭肥肝和鹅肥肝氨基酸、脂肪酸营养价值及质构特性的差异性。分别选择填饲期为28 d的鹅肥肝和填饲期为14 d的鸭肥肝,采用氨基酸分析仪、气相色谱仪等仪器进行测定分析,比较二者营养价值的差异性。结果表明:1)鸭肥肝中水分、粗脂肪含量极显著低于鹅肥肝(P<0.01),而粗灰分、粗蛋白质含量极显著高于鹅肥肝(P <0. 01)。2)鸭肥肝和鹅肥肝的氨基酸种类相同,均未检测到色氨酸,其余氨基酸(除半胱氨酸和脯氨酸)含量均有显著或极显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。鸭肥肝的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为64.34,鹅肥肝的EAAI为60.25;鸭肥肝的氨基酸比值系数评分(SRC)为73.34,鹅肥肝的SRC为47.11;鹅肥肝中呈味氨基酸的比例高于鸭肥肝,鸭肥肝中药用氨基酸含量高于鹅肥肝。3)鹅肥肝中不饱和脂肪酸含量为61.70%,饱和脂肪酸含量为39.31%;鸭肥肝中不饱和脂肪酸含量为59.11%,饱和脂肪酸含量为41.25%。鹅肥肝中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸的比例为5.53∶7.69∶1.00,鹅肥肝脂肪酸的营养价值优于鸭肥肝。4)鸭肥肝中的铬、铜、铁、磷、含量极显著高于鹅肥肝(P<0.01),鹅肥肝中钙含量极显著高于鸭肥肝(P <0.01)。5)鸭肥肝的硬度极显著高于鹅肥肝(P <0.01),鸭肥肝的黏附性极显著低于鹅肥肝(P<0.01)。由此可见,鸭肥肝氨基酸营养价值高于鹅肥肝,鹅肥肝脂肪酸营养价值高于鸭肥肝;鹅肥肝嫩度好,鸭肥肝硬度高。

This study was conducted to compare the difference of amino acids and fatty acids nutritive value and texture characteristics in duck fatty liver and goose fatty liver through analyzing and evaluating the basic nutrient composition,amino acids and fatty acids in duck fatty liver and goose fatty liver.The fatty livers were selected from the goose and duck overfeeding period lasted for 28 and 14 days,respectively.The difference of nutritive values of duck fatty liver and goose fatty liver were tested by using amino acid analyzer,gas chromatograph and so on.The results showed as follows:1)the contents of moisture and crude lipid in duck fatty liver were significantly lower than those in goose fatty liver(P<0.01),and the contents of crude ash and crude protein were significantly higher than those in goose fatty liver(P<0.01).2)The amino acid types of duck fat liver and goose fatty liver were the same,tryptophan was not detected,the other amino acids(except cysteine and proline)contents had significant differences between duck fat liver and goose fatty liver(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The essential amino acid index(EAAI)of duck fat liver and goose fatty liver were 64.34 and 60.25,respectively.The amino acid ratio coefficient score(SRC)of duck fat liver and goose fatty liver protein were 73.34 and 47.11,respectively.The ratio of the taste amino acids in goose fatty liver was higher than that in duck fat liver,the content of therapeutic amino acids in duck fat liver was higher than that in goose fat liver.3)The contents of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids were 61.70%and 39.31%in goose fat liver,the contents of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids were 59.11%and 41.25%in duck fatty liver.The ratio of saturated fatty acid,monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in goose fatty liver was 5.53∶7.69∶1.00,the nutritive value of fatty acids in goose fatty liver was better than duck fatty liver.4)The contents of chromium,copper,iron and phosphorus in duck fatty liver were significantly higher than those in goose fatty liver(P<0.01),the content of calcium in goose fatty liver was significantly higher than that in duck fatty liver(P<0.01).5)The hardness of duck fatty liver was significantly higher than that of goose fatty liver(P<0.01),the adhesiveness of duck fatty liver was significantly lower than that of goose fatty liver(P<0.01).In conclusion,the nutritive value of amino acids in duck fat liver is higher than goose fatty liver,the nutritive value of fatty acids in goose fatty liver is higher than duck fat liver.Goose fatty liver has better tenderness,duck fat liver has high hardness.