聚氨酯泡沫塑料VOC及气味性研究

Research of VOC and Odor of Polyurethane Foams

以3种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料样品为研究对象,分别采集其散发的气体,采用高效液相色谱分析DNPH管中的醛酮类物质,采用热脱附-气相色谱-质谱-嗅觉检测器联用装置分析Tenax-TA管中采集的气体,详细分析出了不同聚氨酯泡沫塑料中的散发物质、各散发物质的气味强度和气味类型,并说明了聚氨酯泡沫塑料的气味与各散发物质的关联。结果表明,聚氨酯泡沫塑料中散发的挥发性有机物(VOC)主要包括醛类化合物、醇羟基化合物、胺类化合物、烷烃、脂类化合物和苯系化合物等;其中,氨臭味主要来源于胺类化合物,溶剂味主要来源于苯系化合物、醇羟基化合物和烷烃;可通过降低目标气味物质含量或增加特定的香味物质改善材料的VOC和气味。

Volatile organic compounds(VOC) from three types of polyurethane foams were collected by DNPH tubes and Tenax-TA tubes. The aldehydes and ketones in DNPH tubes were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, and the gases in Tenax-TA tubes were analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-smell detector. Odor intensity and odorant type emitted from three types of polyurethane foams were analyzed, and the relationship between odor and volatile organic gases was investigated. The results showed that the VOC emitted from polyurethane foams mainly included aldehydes, alcohol compounds, amines, alkanes, lipids and benzenes. Ammonia smell was mainly from amines, solvent smell was mainly from benzenes, alcohol compounds and alkanes. The VOC and odor of polyurethane foams could be improved through reduction of compounds which caused target odor or addition of flavoring substance.