大学生健康素养现况及影响因素研究

Analysis of health literacy level among college students and its influencing factors

目的了解武汉市某高校大学生健康素养水平及其影响因素,以期为高校和相关部门制定在校大学生健康促进政策以及效果评价体系提供科学依据。方法采取多阶段抽样,于2017年3—6月采用健康素养问卷对815名武汉市某高校大学生进行调查,并对调查数据进行统计分析。结果大学生健康素养总体水平为33.0%。从大学生健康素养3个方面来看,其健康基本知识和理念素养水平为35.5%,健康生活方式与行为素养水平为56.3%,健康基本技能素养水平为13.1%。而大学生6类健康问题素养水平由高到低依次为科学健康观(65.0%)、慢性病防治(42.8%)、基本医疗(40.7%)、健康信息(36.9%)、传染病防治(24.3%)、安全与急救(16.9%)。多元线性回归分析结果表明,大学生的学历、户籍、学校健康课程开设情况是影响大学生健康素养问卷得分的3个因素(P<0.05)。结论高校及相关部门应开设健康教育课程,重视安全逃生演练及急救技能培训,加强健康教育工作,定期监测大学生健康素养水平,针对薄弱部分及时进行反馈、干预并调整健康教育知识结构,以提升大学生健康素养水平。

Objective To investigate the health literacy level among college students in a Wuhan university and also to explore its influencing factors,so as to provide evidence for the development of college students health promotion strategies and relevant effectiveness evaluation systems.Methods Based on the method of multi-stage sampling,a total of 815 college students participated in this survey.A health literacy questionnaire was used,and data were collected and statistically analyzed.Results The overall health literacy level among college students was 33.0%.As for the 3 domains of health literacy,the literacy level of basic health knowledge and concepts was 35.5%,that of healthy lifestyles and behaviors was 56.3%,and that of basic health skills was 13.1%.Moreover,the literacy level of 6 health-related issues among these students were listed as follows:scientific concept of health (65.0%),prevention and management of chronic diseases (42.8%),primary healthcare (40.7%),health information (36.9%),prevention and management of infectious diseases (24.3%),safety and first-aid (16.9%).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that,academic degree,household register,and availability of health courses were factors influencing the score of health literacy questionnaire among these college students (P<0.05).Conclusion It is important for universities and relevant departments to provide health education courses,focus on safe escape practice and first-aid skill training,strengthen health education efforts,perform regular monitoring of college student health literacy level,and provide timely feedback,intervention and adjustment of health education knowledge structure,all of which may help to enhance the health literacy level of college students.