我国经济发展不平衡与社会稳定之间矛盾的化解机制分析——基于人民纵向获得感的诠释

Resolving Mechanism of the Contradiction between China's Inequality and Social Stability: An Explanation Based on Relative Acquisition

改革开放以来,我国的现代化事业取得了巨大成就。与此同时,发展中不平衡不充分的问题也逐渐显现,但是,我国社会和政治秩序保持了持续稳定。我国现代化发展中经济与社会政治之间的这种特殊关系状况,无疑是对西方传统发展理论的巨大冲击,究其原因,根本在于执政党坚持和贯彻了中国特色社会主义发展道路,在于党和政府的战略方略和多方面重大有效举措。在发展实践中,党和国家的这些根本原则、战略方针和实际举措,是通过多方面机制发挥作用并产生效应的。本文从公民主观感知机制出发,以人民"获得感"为矢量,反思解构传统理论的客观不平等—相对剥夺感—社会不稳定的逻辑,建构客观不平等—人民获得感—社会稳定的分析逻辑。在此基础上,文章基于全国概率抽样调查数据发现,中国公众的社会稳定感知实际上并不取决于传统理论所谓的社会比较维度产生的剥夺感,而更多地取决于时间比较维度上产生的"纵向获得感"。基于广义倾向值匹配的因果推断方法,笔者确认,时间比较维度上人民的"纵向获得感"的提高,总体上可以促进社会比较维度上人民的"横向获得感"和社会稳定感知的相应提高。本文的创新之处在于,从人民利益和政治主观感知角度出发,揭示了我国经济发展不平衡背景下社会持续稳定的机制。

Since the reform and opening up,China has made great achievements in modernization.Meanwhile,the problem of inadequate imbalances in development has gradually emerged,but our social and political order has remained stable.The special relationship between the economy and social politics in China's modern development is undoubtedly a huge impact on the traditional development theory of the West.The essential reason is that the ruling party adheres the path of socialism road with Chinese characteristics,and lies in the strategic and effective measures.In the practice,these fundamental principles,strategic guidelines,and practical measures of the party and the state are functioning through various mechanisms.This paper starts from the subjective perception of citizens and takes the people's relative acquisition as the main variable,then rethink the traditional logic of objective inequality - relative deprivation - social instability,and constructs the logic of objective inequality - relative acquisition - social stability.Based on three waves of national sampling survey data,this paper finds that the social stability perception of the Chinese public does not actually depend on the relative deprivation generated by the so-called social comparison dimension of traditional theory,but more depends on the temporal comparison dimension,temporal relative acquisition.Based on the causal inference method of generalized propensity score matching,this paper confirms that the improvement of temporal relative acquisition can generally promote the social relative acquisition and the corresponding improvement of social stability perception.The innovation of this paper lies in the revealing the mechanism of sustainable social stability under the background of imbalanced economic development in China from the perspective of the people's interests and political subjective perception.