细胞凋亡主要检测方法及其应用

Progress and Application of Main Detection Methods for Apoptosis

细胞凋亡是在一定的生理或病理条件下,受基因调控的细胞生理性主动死亡的过程,其在维持生物体内环境稳态、组织器官的正常形态、胚胎的正常发育以及生物体的正常生理活动和功能等方面起着不可或缺的作用。凋亡机制的异常会使细胞失去控制,与包括肿瘤在内的许多疾病的发生发展密切相关,准确地对细胞凋亡进行检测是开展凋亡研究的必需步骤。近年来,随着对凋亡研究的深入,在细胞凋亡的识别、确认及机制等方面的研究进展显著,用于检测细胞凋亡的新方法不断涌现,原先使用的技术方法也日趋成熟,在形态学观察的基础上,生物化学、分子生物学和免疫学等方面的技术均已广泛应用于细胞凋亡的检测。

Apoptosis is a physiologically active self-destruction process of cells regulated by genes under certain physiological or pathological conditions. It plays an indispensable role in normal physiological activities and functions maintaining the homeostasis of the organism,the morphological normality of tissues and organs,the normal development of the embryo,etc.The abnormality of apoptosis makes cells lose control,and is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases including tumors.Accurate detection is a necessary step in the study of apoptosis.In recent years,with the in-depth study of apoptosis,the identification,confirmation and the mechanism of apoptosis have been progressed significantly.The new methods to detect cell apoptosis have come forth continuously,and the earlier techniques become increasingly mature. Biochemistry,molecular biology and immunology have been widely used in the detection of apoptosis on the basis of morphology observation.