春季内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区湿地核心区中的水鸟群落物种多样性

Species Diversity of Waterbird Communities in the Wetland Core Areas of Tumuji National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia in Spring

分别于2014年、2015年和2016年3月20日至4月20日,采用路线调查法和定点观察法,对内蒙古图牧吉国家级保护区湿地核心区的水鸟群落进行了调查,共记录水鸟6目14科32属60种。其中,有国家一级保护鸟类4种,国家二级保护鸟类7种。研究结果表明,2014年、2015年和2016年调查期间的水鸟物种数量分别为41种、44种和41种,其中,涉禽的物种数量分别为21种、22种和17种,游禽的物种数量分别为20种、22种和24种,涉禽的个体数量分别为3 707只、2 319只和3 849只,游禽的个体数量分别为71 060只、59 724只和21 448只;豆雁(Anser fabalis)和白额雁(Anser albifrons)为图牧吉泡子优势种,其个体数量超过水鸟总数量的一半;调查期间,整个湿地核心区水鸟群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为1.933 8、2.131 9和2.268 4,Pielou均匀度指数分别为0.360 9、0.390 5和0.423 4;图牧吉泡子和三道泡子核心区水鸟群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为2.384 2和2.423 6,Pielou均匀度指数分别为0.413 7和0.521 9。图牧吉国家级保护区为鸟类特别是水鸟提供了良好的觅食和栖息环境,而该保护区作为中国大兴安岭地区重要的湿地,已经成为鸟类迁徙途中重要的停歇地。

From March 20 to April 20 in 2014, 2015, and 2016, the waterbirds in the wetland core areas of Tumuji National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia were investigated using the route survey method and the fixed-point observation method. The 6 orders, 14 families, 32 genus and 60 species waterbirds were recorded in the core areas of the reserve. Among them, there are 4 species of national- level protected birds and 7 species of national second-class protected birds. The numbers of individuals of swimming birds were 71 060, 59 724 and 21 448 in spring in 2014, 2015, and 2016;those of wading birds were 3 707, 2 319 and 3 849. Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes of waterbird communities in whole core area in the reserve were 1.933 8, 2.131 9 and 2.268 4 in spring in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively, and the Pielou evenness indexes were 0.360 9, 0.390 5 and 0.423 4. Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes of Tumuji and Sandao bubble wetland core areas were 2.384 2 and 2.423 6, respectively;their Pielou evenness indexs were 0.413 7 and 0.521 9. The bean geese and the white-fronted geese were the dominant species in the Tumuji bubble wetland core area in the reserve;their individual number was more than half the total number of the waterbirds. Tumuji National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia provides a good foraging and habitat for birds, especially for waterfowl, which has become an important stopover for birds in Da Hinggan Ling Prefecture, China.