战略性关键金属矿产资源:现状与问题

Critical metal mineral resources:current research status and scientific issues

以稀有、稀散和稀土元素为主体的战略性关键金属矿产资源,在新材料、新能源和信息技术等新兴产业具有不可替代的重大用途。近年来,美欧等发达经济体先后制定了各自的关键矿产资源发展战略。未来几十年,世界主要国家将会为这些资源的持续安全供给进行不懈努力。本文扼要总结了战略性关键金属矿产资源的基本特征为"稀"、"伴"和"细";提出关键金属矿床的五种主要类型,即花岗岩-伟晶岩型、碱性岩-碳酸岩型、镁铁质-超镁铁质岩型、热液贱金属硫化物型和风化-沉积型;建议应重点关注的关键科学问题为关键金属元素多圈层循环与超常富集机理以及关键金属元素赋存状态与高效清洁利用。

The strategic critical mineral resources,which are mainly rare metals,rare disperse elements and rare earth elements,have irreplaceable and significant uses in emerging industries such as new materials,new energy and information technology.In recent years,developed economies such as the United States and Europe have successively formulated their own critical mineral resources development strategies.In the coming decades,the world's major countries will make unremitting efforts for the continued and safe supply of these critical resources.This paper summarizes the basic characteristics of strategic critical mineral resources as"thin","companion”and"fine".Five major ore deposit types are proposed,including the granite-pegmatite type,alkaline rock-carbonate type.mafic-ultramafic rock type,hydrothermal base metal sulfide type and weathering-sedimentary type.The key scientific issues that should be focused on include the multiple earth sphere cycling and super-enrichment mechanism of the critical metal elements,as well as the occurrence and clean utilization of the critical metal elements.